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Diatom Species that Characterize Saline Ponds (Southern Spain) with the Description of a New Navicula Species

  • Wetland Algae and Cyanobacteria
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Abstract

The southern Iberian Peninsula has a high number of saline ponds where electric conductivity (EC) is an important factor that directly affects the distribution and abundance of aquatic organisms. Environmental factors (such as pH, EC, and temperature) were measured, and diatom assemblages were sampled in 15 shallow saline ponds in southern Spain over a range of EC (1.4 mS to 51.6 mS cm−1). Three groups of ponds were defined based on EC (oligosaline 1.4 to 5.3 mScm−1, mesosaline 10.9 to 17.3 mScm−1, and eusaline 32.3 to 51.6 mScm−1), and sediment diatom assemblages were studied. PERMANOVA analysis revealed significant differences in diatom community composition between the three groups of ponds. Non-metric multi-dimensional scaling analysis (n-MDS) showed distinct clusters of diatom assemblages in oligosaline and mesosaline ponds. The dominant diatom species in the eusaline ponds were Tryblionella pararostrata (Lange-Bertalot) Clavero & Hernández-Mariné, Halamphora cf. pertusa J.G. Stepanek & Kociolek, Halamphora sp.1, and Cocconeis euglypta Ehrenberg; the mesosaline ponds were dominated by Navicula veneta Kützing, Nitzschia elegantula Grunow in Van Heurck, and Planothidium delicatulum (Kützing) Round & Bukhtiyarova; and the oligosaline ponds were dominated by Navicula veneta, Pseudostaurosira brevistriata (Grunow) D.M. Williams & Round, and Nitzschia inconspicua Grunow. A new diatom species was described from three eusaline ponds (32-51.6 mS cm−1). A detailed description of N. maiorpargemina sp. nov. is presented in this study based on light and scanning electron microscopy after comparison with morphologically and ecologically related taxa.

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Acknowledgements

The authors are grateful to the General Directorate for the Environment of the Andalusian Government, which supported the first phase of the “Phycological Flora of Andalusia”. We also thank the Department of Biology and the Foundation of Science and Technology, Portugal, for the strategic project granted to Geobiotec (UID/GEO/04035/2019), of the Research Centre of the University of Aveiro for making their facilities available and providing funding.

The authors thank two anonymous reviewers who provided valuable feedback that improved this manuscript. Special thanks go to Saúl Blanco and Irene Gallego, who provided helpful comments concerning several species or topics.

Funding

General Directorate for the Environment of the Andalusian Government, which supported the first phase of the “Phycological Flora of Andalusia”, granted to Botany Department of the University of Granada (Spain). Also, the Department of Biology and the Foundation of Science and Technology, Portugal granted the strategic project to Geobiotec (UID/GEO/04035/2019), of the Research Centre of the University of Aveiro.

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  1. Dnota Medio Ambiente. Granada. Ctra. Bailen-Motril, Parcela 102-B “Edificio de Cristal 2” Pol. Juncaril, C.P. 18210, Peligros, Spain

    David Fernández-Moreno

  2. Department of Botany, Campus Fuentenueva. University of Granada, Granada, 18071, Spain

    David Fernández-Moreno & Pedro M. Sánchez-Castillo

  3. Department of Ecology and Animal Biology, University of Vigo, 36200, Vigo, Spain

    Cristina Delgado

  4. Department of Biology and GeoBioTec – GeoBioSciences, GeoTechnologies and GeoEngineering Research Centre, University of Aveiro, Campus de Santiago, 3810-193, Aveiro, Portugal

    Salomé F. P. Almeida

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  4. Salomé F. P. Almeida
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SA and CD suggested the subject and the method of the manuscript and were the major contributors to the Results and Discussion sections; PS designed the research process, obtained the samples with DF. DF wrote the first draft and was the major contributor in writing the manuscript.

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Correspondence to David Fernández-Moreno.

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Table 5

Table 5 Relative abundance (> 5%) of taxa in ponds
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Fernández-Moreno, D., Sánchez-Castillo, P.M., Delgado, C. et al. Diatom Species that Characterize Saline Ponds (Southern Spain) with the Description of a New Navicula Species. Wetlands 42, 14 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13157-021-01529-z

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