Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Diagenetic implications for the oolitic limestone in the Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation, Beijing (North China Platform)

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Carbonates and Evaporites Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The Cambrian Miaolingian in the North China Platform is characterized by wide-stretched deposition of oolitic grainstones within the Xuzhuang, Zhangxia and Gushan formations. Appraisal of ooid fabric and diagenesis provides significant information about the depositional environment and post-depositional features of the oolitic limestone in the Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation. Ooids are investigated for depositional environments, which contribute to several types of ooids that can be broadly grouped into two types, i.e., ooids preserving syn-depositional fabrics and diagenetically altered ooids. Microscopic examination revealed that the radial ooid surpasses other ooid types, accounting for 90% of the total grains. An insight into the diagenetic attributes by integrating the surficial diagenetic environments to several zones of the burial diagenetic regions preserved within calcite cementation provides instances for reconstruction of diagenetic history. Five diagenetic processes recognized through the ooids in the Zhangxia Formation are micritization, cementation, neomorphism, compaction and dolomitization. Most commonly observed cement types include syntaxial overgrowth, blocky, acicular, granular and radiaxial–fibrous cements, which demonstrate that a mixed marine to meteoric phreatic environment is the potential site for extensive porosity destruction.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7
Fig. 8
Fig. 9

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  • Adams AE, Mackenzie WS (1998) A Colour Atlas of carbonate sediments and rocks under the microscope. Wiley, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Badiozamani K (1973) The Dorag dolomitization model - application to the Middle Ordovician of Wisconsin. J Sedim Petrol 43:965–984

    Google Scholar 

  • Bathurst RGC (1967) Oölitic films on low energy carbonate sand grains, Bimini Lagoon, Bahamas. Marine Geol 5(2):89–109

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bathurst RGC (1987) Diagenetically enhanced bedding in argillaceous platform limestones: stratified cementation and selective compaction. Sedimentology 34:749–778

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bathurst RGC (1995) Burial diagenesis of limestones under simple overburden. Stylolites, cementation and feedback. Bulletin de la Société Géologique de France 166:181–192

    Google Scholar 

  • Beukes N (1983) Ooids and oolites of the Proterophytic Boomplaas formation Transvaal supergroup, Griqualand West, South Africa. In: Peryt TM (ed) Coated grains. Springer, Berlin, pp 199–214

    Chapter  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorlykke K (1998) Clay mineral diagenesis in sedimentary basins; a key to the prediction of rock properties, examples from the North Sea Basin. Clay Miner 33(1):15–34

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Bjorlykke K, Jahren J, Mondol NH (2004) Mechanical and chemical compaction processes in siliceous and carbonate rocks; a comparison. In: International Geological Congress Abstracts–Congres Geologique International Resumes, vol 1, p 163

  • Brownlow AH (1979) Geochemistry. Prentices Hall Inc, Englewood cliffs

    Google Scholar 

  • Burchette TP, Wright P (1992) Carbonate ramp depositional systems. Sediment Geol 79:3–57

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chen J, Lee JH, Woo J (2014) Formative mechanisms, depositional processes, and geological implications of Furongian (late Cambrian) reefs in the North China Platform. Palaeogeograph Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 414:246–259

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Chow N, James NP (1987) Facies-specific, calcite and bimineralic ooids from Middle and Upper Cambrian platform carbonates, Western Newfoundland, Canada. Jour Sedim Petr 57:907–921

    Google Scholar 

  • Chough SK, Lee HS, Woo J, Chen JT, Choi DK, Lee SB, Kang I, Park TT, Han ZZ (2010) Cambrian stratigraphy of the North China Platform: revisiting principal sections in Shandong Province, China. Geosci J 14(3):235–268

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Davies PJ, Bubela B, Ferguson J (1978) The formation of ooids. Sedimentology 25:703–730

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Diaz MR, Eberli GP, Blackwelder P, Phillips B, Swart PK (2017) Microbially mediated organomineralization in the formation of ooids. Geology 45(9):771–774

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Duguid SMA, Kyser TK, James NP et al (2010) Microbes and ooids. J Sediment Res 80:236–251

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Feng Z Z, Wang Y H, Zhang J S, Zuo WQ, Zhang XL, Hong GL, Chen JX, Wu SH, Chen YT, Chi YL (1990) Lithofacies Paleogeography of Early Paleozoic of North China Platform Beijing. Geological Publishing House, pp 3–49 (in Chinese)

  • Flügel E (1982) Microfacies analysis of limestomes. Springer-Verlag Berlin Heidelberg, p 634

  • Flügel E (2010) Microfacies of carbonate rocks. Springer, New York

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Freeman T (1962) Quiet water oolites from Laguna Madre, Texas. J Sedimentary Petrology 32:475–483

    Google Scholar 

  • Friedman GM (1959) Identification of carbonate minerals by staining methods. J Sediment Petrol 29(1):87–97

    Google Scholar 

  • Harris PM (1979) Facies anatomy and diagenesis of a Bahamian Ooid Shoal, Sedimenta VII. Comparative Sedimentology Laboratory, Division of Marine Geology and Geophysics, University of Miami, Rosenstiel School of Marine & Atmospheric Science

  • He YL, Liu B, Qin S, Zhao PY (2012) The bioherm and geological significance of Middle Cambrian Zhangxia Formation at Xiaweidian profile in Western Hill, Beijing, China. Geol Sci Technol Inf 31(1):9–15

    Google Scholar 

  • Hussein AAA, Latif K, Shahzad K, Khaing KK, Riaz M, Khan M (2021) Ooid distribution and fabric in the Miaolingian of Beijing (North China Platform). Indian J Geomarine Sci 50(09):743–758

    Google Scholar 

  • Jafarian A, Javanbakht M, Koeshidayatullah A, Pimentel N, Salad Hersi O, Yahyaei A, Beigi M (2017) Paleoenvironmental, diagenetic, and eustatic controls on the permo-triassic carbonate-evaporite reservoir quality, upper Dalan and kangan formations, lavan gas field, Zagros Basin. Geol J 53:1442–1457

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • James NP, Choquette PW (1983) Diagenesis 6 Limestones the sea floor diagenetic environment. Geosci Can 10:162–179

    Google Scholar 

  • Kahle CFJ (2007) Proposed origin of aragonite Bahaman and some Pleistocene marine ooids involving bacteria, nannobacteria (?) and biofilms. Carbonates Evaporites 22:10–22

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Latif K, Xiao E, Riaz M et al (2018) Sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambrian of the North China Platform: a case study of Kouquan section, Shanxi Province, China. J Himal Earth Sci 51(1):1–16

    Google Scholar 

  • Latif K, Xiao E, Riaz M et al (2019) Calcified cyanobacteria fossils from leiolitic bioherm in the Furongian Changshan Formation, Datong (North China Platform). Carbonates Evaporites 34(3):825–843. https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-018-0472-8

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Chen J, Chough SK (2010) Paleoenvironmental implications of an extensive maceriate microbialite bed in the Furongian Chaomidian Formation, Shandong Province, China. Palaeogeograph Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 297:621–632

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Chen J, Chough SK (2012) Demise of an extensive biostromal microbialite in the Furongian (late Cambrian) Chaomidian Formation, Shandong Province, China. Geosci J 16:275–287

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Lee HS, Chen J, Woo J, Chough SK (2014) Calcified microbial reefs in the Cambrian Series 2 of the North China Platform: implications for the evolution of Cambrian calcified microbes. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimat Palaeoecol 403:30–42

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Lee JH, Chen J, Chough SK (2015) The middle-late Cambrian reef transition and related geological events: a review and new view. Earth-Sci Rev 145:66–84

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Longman MW (1980) Carbonate diagenetic textures from near surface diagenetic environments. Bull Am Assoc Pet Geol 64:461–487

    Google Scholar 

  • Ma YS, Mei MX, Zhou RX, Yang W (2017) Forming patterns for the oolitic bank within the sequence-stratigraphic framework: an example from the Cambrian series 3 at the Xiaweidian section in the Western Suburb of Beijing. Acta Petrologica Sinica 33(4):1021–1036 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei MX (2011) Depositional trends and sequence-stratigraphic successions under the Cambrian second-order transgressive setting in the North China Platform: a case study of the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing. Geol China 38:317–337 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei MX, Xu DB, Zhou HR (2000) Genetic types of meterscale sequences and fabric natures of facies succession. J China Univ Geosci 11(4):375–382

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei MX, Guo RT, Hu Y (2011) Sedimentary fabrics for the stromatolitic bioherm of the Cambrian Gushan Formation at the Xiaweidian section in the western suburb of Beijing. Acta Petrologica Sinica 27:2473–2486 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei MX, Zhang R, Li QY, Jie L (2017) Calcified cyanobacterias within the stromatolitic bioherm for the Cambrian Furongian Series in the northeastern margin of the North China Platform. Acta Petrologica Sinica 33(4):1073–1093 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei MX, Latif K, Liu L et al (2019a) Clots built by photosynthetic biofilms: evidences from thrombolite bioherms of the Changshan Formation of Cambrian Furongian, Liaodong Peninsula. J Palaeogeogr 21(2):254–277

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei MX, Latif K, Meng QF et al (2019b) Cambrian bioherms dominated by microbial carbonate within the oolitic grainstone bank, Zhangxia Formation of the Miaolingian, Zhucaoying section in Qinhuangdao city of Hebei province. Acta Geol Sin 93(1):227–251 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Mei M, Riaz M, Liu L et al (2019c) Oncoids built by photosynthetic biofilms: an example from the Series 2 of Cambrian in the Liaotung Peninsula. J Palaeogeogr 21(1):31–48 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Melim LA, Westphal H, Swart PK, Eberli GP, Munnecke A (2002) Questioning carbonate diagenetic paradigms. Evidence from the Neogene of the Bahamas. Mar Geol 185:27–53

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meng X, Ge M, Tucker ME (1997) Sequence stratigraphy, sea-level changes and depositional systems in the Cambro-Ordovician of the North China carbonate platform. Sediment Geol 114:189–222

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Meyers WJ (1978) Carbonate cements their regional distribution and interpretation in Mississippian limestones of southwestern New Mexico. Sedimentology 25:371–400

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Opdyke BN, Wilkinson BH (1990) Paleolatitude distribution of Phanerozoic marine ooids and cements. Palaeogeogr Palaeoclimatol Palaeoecol 78:135–148

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Osleger DA (1991) Subtidal carbonate cycles: Implications for allocyclic versus autocyclic controls. Geology 19:917–920

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pacton M, Ariztegui D, Wacey D, Kilburn MR, Rollion-Bard C, Farah R, Vasconcelos C (2012) Going nano. A new step toward understanding the processes governing freshwater ooid formation. Geology 40:547–550

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Peng SC (2006) Anew global framework with four series for Cambrian system. J Stratigr 30(2):147–148 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Peng SC, Bobcock LE (2005) Newly proposed global chronostratigraphy subdivision on Cambrian System. J Stratigr 29(1):92–93 (in Chinese)

    Google Scholar 

  • Peryt TM (1983) Classification of coated grains. In: Grains C (ed) TM Peryt. Springer, Berlin, pp 3–6

    Google Scholar 

  • Plée K, Ariztegui D, Martini R, Davaud E (2008) Unravelling the microbial role in ooid formation-results of an in situ experiment in modern freshwater Lake Geneva in Switzerland. Geobiology 6:341–350

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Purdy EG (1963) Recent carbonate facies of the Great Bahama Bank. II Sedimentary Facies I. Geol 71:472–497

    Google Scholar 

  • Pratt BR, Bordonaro OL (2007) Tsunamis in a stormy sea: middle Cambrian inner-shelf limestones of western Argentina. J Sedimentary Res 77:256–262

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Pratt BR, Raviolo MM, Bordonaro OL (2012) Carbonate platform dominated by peloidal sands: Lower Ordovician La Silla Formation of the eastern Precordillera, San Juan. Argentina. Sedimentology 59(3):843–866

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rankey EC, Riegl B, Steffen K (2006) Form function and feedbacks in a tidally dominated ooids shoal, Bahanas. Sedimentology 53(6):1191–1210

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Read JF, Grotzinger JP, Bova JA, Koerschner WF (1986) Models for generation of carbonate cycles. Geology 14:107–110

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riaz M, Latif K, Zafar T et al (2019a) Assessment of Cambrian sequence stratigraphic style of the North China platform exposed in Wuhai division, Inner Mongolia. Himal Geol 40(1):92–102

    Google Scholar 

  • Riaz M, Xiao E, Latif K et al (2019b) Sequence-stratigraphic position of oolitic bank of Cambrian in North China Platform: example from the Kelan section of Shanxi Province. Arab J Sci Eng 44(1):391–407

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Riding R (2002) Structure and composition of organic reefs and carbonate mud mounds. Concepts and categories. Earth-Sci Rev 58:163–231

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Rhoads DC, Stanley DJ (1965) Biogenic graded bedding. J Sed Petr 35:956–963

    Google Scholar 

  • Rothpletz A (1892) On the formation of oolite. Am Geol 10:279–282

    Google Scholar 

  • Sandberg PA (1985) Aragonite cements and their occurrence in ancient limestones. In: Schneidermann N, PM Harris (eds) Carbonate cements, vol 36, SEPM Special Publication, pp 35–58

  • Scholle PA, Ulmer-Scholle DS (2003) A color guide to the petrography of carbonate rocks: grains, textures, porosity, diagenesis. The American Association of Petroleum Geologists Tulsa, Oklahoma, ISBN 0-89181-358-6

  • Simone L (1980) Ooids: a review. Earth Sci Rev 16:319–355

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Strasser A (1986) Ooids in Purbeck limestones (lowermost Cretaceous) of the Swiss and French Jura. Sedimentology 33(5):711–727

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Sumner DY, Grotzinger JP (1993) Numerical modeling of ooid size and the problem of Neoproterozoic giant ooids. J Sediment Petrol 63:974–982

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker ME (1984) Calcitic aragonitic and mixed calciticaragonitic ooids from the mid-Proterozoic Belt Super-group, Montana. Sedimentology 31(5):627–644. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1365-3091.1984.tb01227.x

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Tucker ME (2001) Sedimentary petrology: An introduction to the origin of sedimentary rocks, 3rd edn. Black Well Science, Oxford

    Google Scholar 

  • Tucker ME, Wright VP (1990) Carbonate sedimentology. Blackwell, Oxford

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson BH, Landing E (1978) Eggshell diagenesis and primary radial fabric in calcite ooids. J Sediment Petrol 48(4):1129–1138

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wilkinson BH, Buczynski C, Owen RM (1983) Chemical control on carbonate phases: implications from Upper Pennsylvanian calcite-aragonite ooids of southeastern Kansas. J Sediment Petrol 54(3):932–947

    Google Scholar 

  • Wilson PA, Dickson JAD (1996) Radiaxial calcite: Alteration product of and petrographic proxy for magnesian calcite marine cement. Geology 24:945–948

    Article  Google Scholar 

  • Wu YY, Liu W, Liu Y, Fang X, Ma K (2016) The underlying deposition of Cambrian of Gondwana in China and its petroleum geological significance. Acta Petrol Sin 37(9):1069–1079 (in Chinese with English abstract)

    Google Scholar 

  • Xiao E, Latif K, Riaz M, Qin Y, Wang H (2018) Calcified microorganisms bloom in Furongian of the North China Platform: evidence from Microbialitic-Bioherm in Qijiayu Section, Hebei. Open Geosci 10:250–260

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgements

We thank Prof. Mei Mingxiang (CUGB), who sponsored this study through the National Natural Science Foundation of China Grant (Nos. 41472090, 40472065) and helped in sample collection. Our gratitude is extended to Dr. Muhammad Riaz, Dr. Wang long and Dr. Enzhao Xiao for their kind help in acquiring the laboratory data. We also thank Dr. Arman Jafarian (CUGB), Kamran Shehzad (KKKUK) and Shuja Ullah (NCEG) for constructive comments during the final draft of the manuscript. Many perceptive suggestions by the anonymous reviewers of Carbonates and Evaporites greatly improved the manuscript.

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences Beijing, Beijing, 100083, China

    Kyawt Kay Khaing, Khalid Latif, Abdullah Ali Ali Hussein & Chaojia Mei

  2. National of Centre of Excellence in Geology, University of Peshawar, Peshawar, 25130, Pakistan

    Khalid Latif

  3. Department of Civil and Petroleum Engineering, Toyama Prefectural University, Toyama, 9390398, Japan

    Than Htike Oo

  4. Institute of Tibetan Plateau Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing, 100101, China

    Myo Myint Aung

Authors
  1. Kyawt Kay Khaing
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Khalid Latif
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  3. Than Htike Oo
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  4. Abdullah Ali Ali Hussein
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  5. Myo Myint Aung
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  6. Chaojia Mei
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Khalid Latif.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Springer Nature or its licensor holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Khaing, K.K., Latif, K., Oo, T.H. et al. Diagenetic implications for the oolitic limestone in the Miaolingian Zhangxia Formation, Beijing (North China Platform). Carbonates Evaporites 37, 67 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-022-00808-y

Download citation

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13146-022-00808-y

Keywords

Search

Navigation