Abstract
Oil prices, political instabilities, travel legislations, and many other competitive factors make it essential for any international airline with the instinct to survive to be on constant watch in such a fiercely competitive environment. To meet this need, it is vital for international airline companies to integrate competitive intelligence (CI) into their strategy building process. In this study, we create for the first time a typology of competitive intelligence practices of an international airline company (in Turkey), based on the model developed by (Wright et al. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20(1), 19–33, 2012), and it is one of the very first to investigate Competitive intelligence in this sector. Furthermore, we made a two-step cluster analysis to uncover hidden clusters that change the way of thinking within the company. Our findings show where the company would need to make improvements on the 6 strands of the model which are attitude, gathering, use, location, technological support, and IT support. Yet, that could lead towards stronger business performance. It might also inspire other companies of the airline sector and beyond.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
ACI (2017) ACI Airport Industry Connectivity Report (2017). http://mailing.aci-europe.org/ACI E Airport Industry Connectivity Report 2017_web version.pdf Accessed December 25 2017.
Adidam, P. T., Banerjee, M., & Shukla, P. (2012). Competitive intelligence and firm’s performance in emerging markets: an exploratory study in India. Journal of Business & Industrial Marketing, 27(3), 242–254.
Agnihotri, R., & Rapp, A. (2011). Perspectives on competitive intelligence within business: a tactical tool for sales-people to gain a competitive advantage. The Marketing Review, 11(4), 363–380.
Akca, Z. (2018). Comparative analysis with a new hub connectivity measure considering revenue and passenger demand. Journal of Air Transport Management, 67, 34–45.
Amarouche, K., Benbrahim, H., & Kassou, I. (2015). Product opinion mining for competitive intelligence. Procedia Computer Science, 73, 358–365.
Andorine, M. (2015). Airline applications of business intelligence systems. INCAS Bulletin, 7(3), 153–160.
Bachwich, A. R., & Wittman, M. D. (2017). The emergence and effects of the ultra-low cost carrier (ULCC) business model in the U.S. airline industry. Journal of Air Transport Management, 62, 155–164.
Badr, A., Madden, E., & Wright, S. (2006). The contribution of CI to the strategic decision making process: empirical study of the European pharmaceutical industry. Journal of Competitive Intelligence and Management, 3(4), 15–35.
Bartes, F. (2011). Action plan basis of competitive intelligence activities. Economics and Management, 16, 664–669.
Bisson, C., & Dou, H. (2017). Une Intelligence Economique et Stratégique pour les PME. PMI et ETI en France. Vie & Sciences de l’Entreprise., 204, 164–179.
Bisson, C., & Tang Tong, M. M. (2018). Investigating the competitive intelligence practices of Peruvian fresh grapes exporters. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 8(2), 43–61.
Bisson, C. (2014). Exploring competitive intelligence practices of French local public agricultural organisations. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 4(2), 5–29.
Calof, J., Richards, G., & Smith, J. (2015). Foresight, competitive intelligence and business analytics — tools for making industrial programmes more efficient. Foresight-Russia, 9(1), 68–81.
Colakoglu, T. (2011). The problematic of competitive intelligence: how to evaluate & develop competitive intelligence? Procedia Social and Behavioral Sciences, 24, 1615–1623.
Du Toit, A., & Muller, M. L. (2004). Organizational structure of competitive intelligence activities: a South African case study. South African Journal of Information Management, 6(3), 1–13.
Ettorre, B. (1995). Managing competitive intelligence. Management Review, 84(10), 15–19.
Frost & Sullivan (2013). Market research and competitive intelligence priorities. https://www.frost.com/upld/get-data.do?id=2725517 Accessed November 19 2017.
Gaspareniene, L., Remeikiene, R., & Gaidelys, V. (2013). The opportunities of the use of competitive intelligence in business: literature review. Journal of Small Business and Entrepreneurship Development, 1(2), 9–16.
Goodman, P. S. (2019). Turkey’s long, painful economic crisis grinds on. https://www.nytimes.com/2019/07/08/business/turkey-economy-crisis.html Accessed August 23, 2019.
Grosche, T., Klophaus, R., & Seredynski, A. (2017). Competition for long-haul connecting traffic among airports in Europe and the Middle East. Journal of Air Transport Management, 64, 3–14.
Hansen, P., & Jaumard, B. (1997). Cluster analysis and mathematical programming. Math. Program, 79, 191–215.
He, W., Shen, J., Tian, X., Li, Y., Akula, V., Yan, G., & Tao, R. (2015). Gaining competitive intelligence from social media data: evidence from two largest retail chains in the world. Industrial Management & Data Systems, 115(9), 1622–1636.
IATA, (2017). IATA Annual Review (2017). https://www.iata.org/publications/Documents/iata-annual-review-2017.pdf Accessed October 22, 2017.
Kaufman, L., & Rousseeuw, P. (2005). Finding groups in data: an introduction to cluster analysis. New York: Wiley-Interscience.
Koseoglu, M. A., Ross, G., & Okumus, F. (2016). Competitive intelligence practices in hotels. International Journal of Hospitality Management, 53, 161–172.
M-Brain. 2015. Global market intelligence survey (2015). M-Brain White Paper, November 2015.
Mysore, N., & Lobo, D. (2000). Competitive intelligence in the airline industry. Competitive Intelligence Magazine, 3(2), 17–20.
Olszak, C. M. (2015). An overview of information tools and technologies for competitive intelligence building: theoretical approach. Issues in Informing Science and Information Technology, 11, 139–153.
Pellissier, R., & Nenzhelele, T. E. (2013). Towards a universal competitive intelligence process model. South African Journal of Information Management, 15(2), 7.
Piltz, C., Voltes-Dorta, A., & Suau-Sanchez, P. (2018). A comparative analysis of hub connections of European and Asian airports against Middle Eastern hubs in intercontinental markets. Journal of Air Transport Management, 66, 1–12.
Prescott, J. E. (1999). The evolution of competitive intelligence: designing a process for action. Proposal management. APMP, spring, 1999, 37–52.
Qiu, T. (2008). Scanning for competitive intelligence: a managerial perspective. European Journal of Marketing, 42(7/8), 814–835.
Rouach, D., & Santi, P. (2001). Competitive intelligence adds value: five intelligence attitudes. European Management Journal, 19, 552–559.
Safarnia, H., Akbari, Z., & Abbasi, A. (2011). Review of competitive intelligence & competitive advantage in the industrial estates companies in the Kerman City: appraisal and testing of model by Amos Graphics. International Business and Management, 2(2), 47–61.
Schiefer, C. (2013). Role of CI in strategic purchasing decisions and its influence on supplier’s resource allocation. Master’s thesis, University of Twente, Netherland.
Scotti, D., & Volta, N. (2017). Profitability change in the global airline industry. Transportation Research Part E, 102, 1–12.
Sewdass, N. (2012). Proposing a competitive intelligence (CI) framework for Public Service departments to enhance service delivery. SA Journal of Information Management, 14(1), 1–13.
SHGM (2017). İstatistikler. http://web.shgm.gov.tr/tr/kurumsal/4547-istatistikler Accessed December 20 2017.
Smith, D. W., O’Connell, J. F., & Maleki, M. (2017). An analysis of ongoing trends in airline ancillary revenues. Journal of Air Transport Management, 64, 42–54.
Smith, J. (2012). Competitive intelligence behaviour and attitude antecedents in French small and medium sized enterprises in a funded intervention environment. Doctorate thesis: De Montford University, UK.
Soilen, K. S. (2016). A research agenda for intelligence studies in business. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 6(1), 21–36.
Stefanikova, L., Rypakova, M., & Moravcikova, K. (2015). The impact of competitive intelligence on sustainable growth of the enterprises. Procedia Economics and Finance, 26, 209–214.
Stefanikova, L., & Masarova, G. (2014). The need of complex competitive intelligence. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 110, 669–677.
Tarek, B. H., Zouhayer, M., & Adel, G. (2017). Entrepreneurial competitive intelligence between Uppsala model and born global theories in the case of North African SMEs. Journal of the Knowledge Economy, 10, 734–755.
Toker, A., Seraj, M., Kuscu, A., Yavuz, R., Koch, S., & Bisson, C. (2016). Social media adoption: a process based approach. Journal of Organizational Computing and Electronic Commerce, 26(4), 344–363.
Wright, S., Bisson, C., & Duffy, A. (2013). Competitive intelligence and information technology adoption of SMEs in Turkey: diagnosing current performance and identifying barriers. Journal of Intelligence Studies in Business, 2, 5–29.
Wright, S., Bisson, C., & Duffy, A. (2012). Applying a behavioral and operational diagnostic typology of competitive intelligence practice: empirical evidence from the SME sector in Turkey. Journal of Strategic Marketing, 20(1), 19–33.
Wright, S., Pickton, D. W., & Callow, J. (2002). Competitive intelligence in UK firms: a typology. Marketing Intelligence & Planning, 20(6), 349–360.
Acknowledgments
We thank Mr. Kamran Emre Sayin for his support during the research.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher’s Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Sahin, M., Bisson, C. A Competitive Intelligence Practices Typology in an Airline Company in Turkey. J Knowl Econ 12, 899–922 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00647-z
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13132-020-00647-z