Abstract
The excitation spectra of chlorophyll (Chl) fluorescence can be used to differentiate phytoplankton populations at phylum level in vivo and in situ within a few minutes. The investigated phytoplankton divisions (Dinophyta, Bacillariophyta, Chrysophyta, Cyanophyta, Cryptophyta, Chlorophyta) are each characterized by a specific composition of photosynthetic antenna pigments and, consequently, by a specific excitation spectrum of the Chl fluorescence. Norm excitation spectra (emission of 680 nm and excitation of 400–600 nm) of every division were obtained from several species per division by a F4500 fluorescence spectrophotometer. Fisher’s linear discriminant analysis of the norm spectra shows that the divisions could be discriminated. The discrimination method, established by multivariate linear regression and weighted least squares, was used to differentiate the phytoplankton samples cultured in the laboratory and samples collected from the Jiaozhao Bay at division level. The correctly discriminated samples were more than 94% for single algal species ones, more than 84% for simulatively mixed ones, more than 83% for real mixed ones and 100% for samples collected from the Jiaozhou Bay for the dominant species. The method for phytoplankton differentiation described here can be applied to routine checking by fluorescence spectrophotometer, and benefit the monitoring and supervision tasks related to phytoplankton populations in the marine environments.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Anderson J M, Barrett J. 1986. Light harvesting pigment protein complexes of algae. In: Staehelin L A, Arntzen C J, eds. Photosynthesis III. Encl Plant Phys. Berlin: SpringerVerlag, 19: 269–285
Beutler M, Wiltshire K H, Lring C, et al. 2002. Fluorometric depth-profiling of chlorophyll corrected for yellow substances. Aquaculture Environment and Marine Phytoplankton, 34: 231–238
Beutler M, Wiltshire K H, Meyer B, et al. 2002. A fluorometric method for the differentiation of algal populations in vivo and in situ. Photosynthesis Research, 72: 39–53
Bryant D. 1986. The cyanobacterial photosynthetic apparatus: Comparison to those of higher plants and photosynthetic bacteria. In: Platt T, Li W K W, eds. Photosynthetic Picoplankton. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic, 214: 423–500
Esbensen K H, Midtgaard T, Schnkopf S. 1994. Multivariate Analysis in Practice. Trondheim, Norway: Wennberg Press
Gibb S W, Cummings D G, Irgoien X, et al. 2001. Phytoplnakton pigment chemotaxonomy of the Northeastern Atlantic. Deep-Sea Research II, 48: 795–823
Gilbert M, Wilhelm C, Richter M. 2000. Bio-optical modeling of oxygen evolution using in vivo fluorescence: comparison of measured and calculated photosynthesis/irradiance (P-I) curves in four representative phytoplankton species. Journal of Plant Physiology, 157: 307–314
Guillard R R L, Ryther J H. 1962. Studies of marine plankton diatoms: I. Cyclotella nand Hustedt and Detonula confervacea (Cleve) Gran. Canadian Journal of Microbiology, 8: 229–239
Jakob T, Schreiber U, Kirchesch V, et al. 2005. Estimation of chlorophyll content and daily primary production of the major algal groups by means of multiwavelength-excitation PAM chlorophyll fluorometry: performance and methodological limits. Photosynthesis Research, 83: 343–361
Johnsen G, Sakshaug E. 1993. Bio-optical characteristics and photoadaptive responses in the toxic and bloomforming dinoflagellates Gyrodinium aureolum, Gymnodinium galatheanum, and two strains of Prorocentrum minimum. Journal of Phycology, 29: 627–642
Keller M D, Selvin R C, Claus W, et al. 1987. Media for the culture of oceanic ultraphytoplankton. Journal of Phycology, 23: 633–638
Lebart L, Morineau A, Warwick K M. 1984. Multivariate Descriptive Statistical Analysis: Correspondence Analysis and Related Techniques for Large Matrices. New York: Wiley
Llewellyn A, Gibb S W. 2000. Intra-class variability in the carbon, pigment and biomineral content of prymnesiophytes and diatoms. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 193: 33–44
Mallet Y, Coomans D, Vel O D. 1996. Recent developments in discriminant analysis on high dimensional spectral data. Chemometrics and Intelligent Laboratory Systems, 35: 157–173
Martens H, Næs T. 1989. Multivariate Calibration. Chichester: Wiley & Sons Ltd
Moberg L, Karlberg B, Blomquist S, et al. 2000. Comparison between a new application of multivariate regression and current spectroscopy methods for the determination of chlorophylls and their corresponding pheopigments. Analytica Chimica Acta, 411: 137–143
Poryvkina L, Babichenko S, Kaitala S, et al. 1994. Spectral fluorescence signatures in characterization of phytoplankton community composition. Journal of Plankton Research, 16(10): 1315–1327
Pørezelin B B. 1981. Light reactions in photosynthesis. In: Platt T, ed. Physiological Bases of Phytoplankton Ecology. Canadian Bulletin of Fisheries and Aquatic, 210: 1–43
Ruser A, Popp P, Kolbowski J, et al. 1999. Comparison of chlorophyll-fluorescence-based measuring systems for the detection of algal groups and the determination of chlorophyll-a concentrations. Berichte Forsch-u Technologiezentr. Westkuste d Univ Kiel, 19: 27–38
Sakshaug E, Johnsen G, Andersen K, et al. 1991. Modelling of light-dependent algal photosynthesis and growth: experiments with the Barents Sea diatoms Thalassiosira nordenskioeldii and Chaetoceros furcellatus. Deep-Sea Research, 38: 415–430
Seppälä J, Balode M. 1998. The use of spectral fluorescence methods to detect changes in the phytoplankton community. Hydrobiologia, 363: 207–217
Staehr P A, Cullen J J. 2003. Detection of Karenia mikimotoi by spectral absorption signatures. Journal of Plankton Research, 25: 1237–1249
Stauber J L, Jeffrey S W. 1988. Photosynthetic pigments in 51 species of marine diatoms. Journal of Phycology, 24: 158–172
Tang Xiaojing, Zhang Qianqian, Lei Shuhe, et al. 2007. Research on characterization analysis of synchronous fluorescence spectra of living phytoplankton. Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis, 27(3): 556–559
Wright S W, Jeffery S W. 1987. Fucoxanthin pigment markers of marine phytoplankton analysed by HPLC and HPTLC. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 38: 259–266
Yentsch C S, Yentsch C M. 1979. Fluorescence spectral signatures: The characterization of phytoplankton populations by the use of excitation and emission spectra. Journal of Marine Research, 37: 471–483
Yentsch C S, Menzel D W. 1963. A method for the determination of phytoplankton Chl by fluorescence. Deep Sea Research, 10: 1221–1231
Zapata M, Jeffrey S W, Wright S W, et al. 2004. Photosynthetic pigments in 37 species (65 strains) of Haptophyta: implications for ceanography and chemotaxonomy. Marine Ecology Progress Series, 270: 83–102
Zhang Fang, Su Rongguo, Wang Xiulin, et al. 2008. Fluorescence characteristics extration and differentiation of phytoplankton. Chinese Journal of Lasers, 35(12): 2052–2059
Zonneveld C. 1998. Light-limited microalgal growth: a comparison of modeling approaches. Ecological Modelling, 113: 41–54
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Foundation item: The National Natural Science Foundation of China under contract No. 40706036 and the National High-Tech Research and Development Program of China (“863” Program) under contract No. 2006AA09Z178.
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Hu, X., Su, R., Zou, W. et al. Research on the discrimination methods of algae based on the fluorescence excitation spectra. Acta Oceanol. Sin. 29, 116–128 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-010-0056-5
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13131-010-0056-5