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Phylogeny of three species groups of Rhinocricus Karsch, 1881 based on morphological characters (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Rhinocricidae)

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Abstract

Rhinocricus Karsch, 1881 has 207 species occurring mainly in the Americas, and more than 60 of them were described from Brazil. The genus was proposed based on the presence of dorsal scobinae on the prozonites. The present study evaluates the monophyly of three species groups previously proposed in Rhinocricus. We evaluated 39 morphological characters and included 30 species as terminal taxa, 9 of which are outgroups. We performed a parsimony analysis under implied weighting in TNT 1.5, obtaining the same most parsimonious tree topology with three optimal K values (5.992, 7.309, and 9.105). None of the three previously proposed species groups of Rhinocricus was recovered monophyletic. Rhinocricus (Erythocricus) sanguineostriatus Schubart, 1962 was recovered sister to all other species, and Argentocricus Verhoeff, 1941 resulted paraphyletic. The diagnostic morphological characters traditionally used to separate species groups, subgenera, and genera were not recovered as synapomorphies. Further investigation including a broader species sample is needed to establish robust relationship hypotheses between Argentocricus and the remainder species of Rhinocricus, thus identifying monophyletic groups in the genus and their synapomorphies.

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Acknowledgments

We thank Sergei Golovatch and an anonymous reviewer for valuable comments and corrections on this paper. We also thank Ricardo Pinto-da-Rocha for providing access to the type material and to the technician Mauro Cardoso Júnior for all assistance in the Museu de Zoologia (MZSP).

Funding

This study was partially supported by the Coordenação de Aperfeiçoamento de Pessoal de Nível Superior - Brasil (CAPES), Finance Code 001 (P.E.S. Rodrigues-88887.178957/2018-00).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Laboratório de Diversidade e Sistemática de Arachnida, Programa de Pós-graduação em Biologia, Universidade do Vale do Rio dos Sinos, Unisinos. Av. Unisinos, 950, São Leopoldo, RS, 93022-000, Brazil

    Patrícia Elesbão Silva Rodrigues & Everton Nei Lopes Rodrigues

  2. Departamento de Zoologia, Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul, Av. Bento Gonçalves, 9500, Porto Alegre, RS, 91501-970, Brazil

    Luiz Alexandre Campos

  3. Divisão de Pesquisa e Manutenção de Coleções Científicas, Departamento de Biodiversidade, Secretaria do Meio Ambiente e Infraestrutura, Museu de Ciências Naturais, Rua Dr. Salvador França, 1427, Porto Alegre, RS, 90690-000, Brazil

    Ricardo Ott

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  1. Patrícia Elesbão Silva Rodrigues
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  2. Luiz Alexandre Campos
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Correspondence to Patrícia Elesbão Silva Rodrigues.

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Rodrigues, P.E., Campos, L.A., Ott, R. et al. Phylogeny of three species groups of Rhinocricus Karsch, 1881 based on morphological characters (Diplopoda, Spirobolida, Rhinocricidae). Org Divers Evol 20, 141–153 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s13127-019-00421-3

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