Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Concepts of economic freedoms in China and the EU: a methodical approach

  • Article
  • Published:
China-EU Law Journal Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

The constitutional framework of economic activities in China and the EU largely depend on their respective legal, economic and institutional context. This comparative research analyses specific fields, which point out the respective structures of protection. It is on this basis that the comparison reveals the methodical approach in which broad constitutional terms are concretized. In doing so, the comparsion depicts the functioning of underlying legal concepts and deduces approaches to frame economic activities by law.

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Similar content being viewed by others

Notes

  1. Liu 2014.

  2. According to Art. 15 of Chinese Constitution, The State practices socialist market economy, strengthens formulating economic laws, improves macro adjustment and control and finally forbids according to law any units or individuals from interfering with the social economic order; cf. Liu 2014.

  3. Liu 2014.

  4. According to Art. 12 of the Chinese Constitution, socialist public property is sacred and inviolable.

  5. Art. 7 of the Chinese Constitution.

  6. According to Art. 13 of the Chinese Constitution, the lawful private property of citizens is inviolable. The State protects according to law the right of citizens to own and inherit private property. However, the State may, in the public interest, appropriate or requisition private property of citizens for its use in accordance with the law, while making compensations; for a closer analysis see Liu 2014, 2.1.2. and 2.1.3.

  7. Liu 2014, 2.1.3.

  8. Liu 2014, 2.2.; 2.3.

  9. Liu 2014, 2.2.

  10. Liu 2014, 3.1; 3.2.

  11. That does not necessarily apply to economic approach of describing property rights, cf. Dixit 2007; concerning several social implications Benda-Beckmann et al. 2006; concerning the European economic perspective cf. the contributions in Erb et al. 2012.

  12. Concerning China cf. Xie 2014, 2.

  13. Xie 2014, 2.2.

  14. Xie 2014, 1.

  15. Xie 2014, 3.1.; 3.2.

  16. Xie 2014, 3.2.; 3.3.; Schröder 2014, II.1.; Utrilla Fernandez-Bermejo 2014, 2.1.; 2.3.

  17. Other conceptions of property however limit the protection of property to its mere possession, leaving the usage to the scope of other fundamental freedoms, Hösch 2000, 268; cf. Schröder 2014 II.1.b).

  18. Utrilla Fernandez-Bermejo 2014, 2.1.1.; Broemel 2014, 3.1.; slightly critical Schröder 2014, II.2.

  19. ECHR, dec. of 27.11.2012, app. no. 21252/09—“Tipp 24 AG v. Germany”, para. 25; ECHR, dec. of 13.03.2012, app. no. 23780/08—“Malik v. the United Kingdom”, para. 88; ECHR, dec. of 25.05.1999, app. no. 37592/97—“Olbertz v. Germany”, p. 6; ECHR, dec. of 9.11.1999, app. no. 37595/97—Döring v. Germany, p. 6 [French version]; ECHR, dec. of 06.02.2003, app. No. 71630/01—“Wendenburg v. Germany”, p. 23; ECHR, dec. of 26.06.1986 app. nos. 8543/79, 8674/79, 8675/79 and 8685/79—“Van Marle and others v. the Netherlands”, para. 41; see Fernández-Bermejo 2014; Broemel 2014, 3.1.

  20. Xie 2014, 3.2.

  21. Schröder 2014, 2.1.a).

  22. Schröder 2014, 2.1.a) aa).

  23. Xie 2014, 3.1.

  24. Besides, their aim to enhance the personal development indicates their particular subject of protection separated from the protection of property, Xie 2014, 3.1.

  25. Xie 2014, 2.3; 3.; Schröder 2014, II. 1.

  26. Cf. Schröder 2014, II. 1.; Xie 2014, 3.

  27. Schröder 2014, II. 1. b).

  28. Schröder 2014, I.

  29. Concerning tradable emission permits cf. Verbon and Withagen 2005; for an analyse of different sectors cf. the contributions in OECD 2002.

  30. Xie 2014, 1.

  31. Liu 2014, 3.2.

  32. Concerning the independent notion of property according to the ECHR Utrilla Fernandez-Bermejo 2014, 2.1.1.; Broemel 2014, 3.1.

  33. Utrilla Fernandez-Bermejo 2014, 2.1.2.; Broemel 2014, 3.1.

  34. Xie 2014, 2., 3.; Schröder 2014, 2.1. .

  35. Xie 2014, 2.3.

  36. Müller 1994, pp. 165 et seqq.; Volkmann 2013, pp. 148 et seqq.

  37. Herzmann 2014, 1.1.

  38. For the differentiation between advice and suggestion cf. Herzmann 2014, 1.3.1.; Schoch 2005, § 37 mn.  87.

  39. Herzmann 2014, 2.3.1.

  40. Concerning the structure and functioning of market processes cf. Broemel 2014, 1.

  41. BVerfG, dec. of 26.06.2002, 1 BvR 558/91—“Glykolwarnung”, para. 48; cf. Broemel 2014, 2.1.4.2.; Herzmann 2014, 2.4.1.

  42. Concerning the „Rapid Alert System for non-food dangerous products” Rapex cf. Herzmann 2014, 1.3.2.; concerning websites of regional authorities publishing hygienic deficits in Germany OVG Lüneburg, dec. of 14.06.2013, 13 ME 18/13; VGH Baden-Württemberg, dec. of 28.01.2013, 9 S 2423/12.

  43. Müller 1994, pp. 168 et seqq.

  44. Müller 1994, pp. 185 et seqq.

References

  • Broemel R (2014) Fundamental rights and fundamental freedoms framing market activities. China EU Law J. (in this issue)

  • Dixit A (2007) Lawlessness and economics. Princeton University Press, Princeton

    Google Scholar 

  • Erb S, Salomons A, Akkermans B (eds) (2012) The future of European property law. Sellier, Munich

    Google Scholar 

  • Herzmann, K (2014) The complexity of fundamental rights protection against market-related information activity in a multi-level system—the case of (europe-wide) product warnings. China EU Law J. (in this issue)

  • Hösch U (2000) Eigentum und Freiheit. Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck

    Google Scholar 

  • Liu G (2014) On “socialist market economy” clause in Chinese constitution. China EU Law J (in this issue)

  • Müller F (1994) Strukturierende Rechtslehre, 2nd edn. Duncker and Humblot, Berlin

    Book  Google Scholar 

  • OECD (2002) Implementing domestic tradeable permits: recent developments and future challenges. OECD Publishing, Paris

  • Schoch F (2005) Entformalisierung staatlichen Handelns. In: Isensee J, Kirchhof P (eds) Handbuch des Staatsrechts, vol 3. C. F. Müller, Heidelberg, pp 131–227

    Google Scholar 

  • Schröder M (2014) Constitutional protection of public licenses and permits. China EU Law J. (in this issue)

  • Utrilla Fernández-Bermejo D (2014) The multilevel protection of the right of property in Europe. China EU Law J. (in this issue)

  • Verbon G, Withagen C (2005) Tradable emission permits in a federal system. CESifo Working papers, Munich

  • von Benda-Beckmann F, von Benda-Beckmann K, Wiber M (2006) Changing properties of property. Berghan, New York

    Google Scholar 

  • Xie L (2014) What is constitutional property in China?. China EU Law J. (in this issue)

  • Volkmann U (2013) Grundzüge einer Verfassungslehre der Bundesrepublik Deutschland. Tübingen, Mohr Siebeck

    Google Scholar 

Download references

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Law, University of Hamburg, Rothenbaumchaussee 33, 20148, Hamburg, Germany

    Roland Broemel

  2. Chinesisch-Deutsches Institut für Rechtswissenschaft, China University of Political Science and Law, Xituchenglu 25, Haidian District, Beijing, 100088, China

    Libin Xie

Authors
  1. Roland Broemel
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Libin Xie
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Roland Broemel.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Broemel, R., Xie, L. Concepts of economic freedoms in China and the EU: a methodical approach. China-EU Law J 4, 1–9 (2015). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12689-014-0048-6

Download citation

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12689-014-0048-6

Keywords

Search

Navigation