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Electroanalysis of Cd2+ and Pb2+ Based on Bi/Fe3O4/RTIL Electrode

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Abstract

Bi-based electrodes for detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ have been widely reported; however, few were reported about the electroanalysis of Cd2+ and Pb2+ by variation of electrode materials in fixed Bi3+ concentration. Herein, two types of Fe3O4 with large size (400–500 nm) of Fe3O4 (LFe3O4), small diameter (40–60 nm) of Fe3O4 (SFe3O4) synthesized by two methods, and Fe3O4/RTIL (room temperature ion liquid) composite were used to perform the individual and simultaneous detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+. The materials were characterized by spectra and electrochemical methods. Under the optimized condition, the electrochemical behaviors of Cd2+ and Pb2+ were analyzed by limiting of detection (LOD) and sensitivities. The detection effect of SFe3O4 was better than that of LFe3O4. The LOD of Bi/SFe3O4/RTIL electrode in the individual detection for Cd2+ and Pb2+ reached 1.6 and 2.4 nM, and the sensitivities are 38.3 and 25.49 μA/μM, respectively. The LOD of Bi/SFe3O4/RTIL electrode was 2.5-fold lower, and the sensitivities were 1.7-fold higher than those of SFe3O4. The Bi/SFe3O4/RTIL electrode exhibited the lowest LODs and the highest sensitivities among three electrodes. The effect of individual detection among three electrodes was better than the simultaneous. The proposed electrode also performed the analysis of real sample. The analytical method could provide a reference for sensitive detection of other heavy metal ions.

Graphical abstract

Two kinds of Fe3O4 particles synthesized with small and large sizes, and Bi/Fe3O4/RTIL composite was modified electrode to carry out the detection of Cd2+ and Pb2+ individually and simultaneously.

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Funding

The authors received financial support from the Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province (No. 1808085MB37). The authors received financial support from HIPS, CAS. This work was also financially supported by the National Natural Science foundation of China (Nos. 51573001 and 32070399). Anhui Provincial Key Research and Development Program (Grant No. 201904c03020007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Life Sciences, University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, 230026, Anhui, China

    Jiao Zhou

  2. Institute of Intelligent Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China

    Jiao Zhou, Qi Wang & Shiquan Xiong

  3. Anhui Institute of Optics and Fine Machines, Hefei Institutes of Physical Science, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Hefei, 230031, Anhui, China

    Fanglin Liu

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  1. Jiao Zhou
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  2. Qi Wang
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Correspondence to Fanglin Liu or Shiquan Xiong.

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Zhou, J., Wang, Q., Liu, F. et al. Electroanalysis of Cd2+ and Pb2+ Based on Bi/Fe3O4/RTIL Electrode. Electrocatalysis 12, 381–389 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12678-021-00661-y

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