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Predictive Associations of Dispositional Mindfulness Facets with Anxiety and Depression: a Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach

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Abstract

Objectives

In recent years, the number of studies on the relationship between dispositional mindfulness (DM) facets and depression and anxiety symptoms has increased notably. The objective of this meta-analysis was to identify the longitudinal predictive associations from DM facets to depression and anxiety symptoms in both adult and adolescent samples.

Methods

Studies were eligible if they measured anxiety or depressive symptoms at least two times and DM during the first measurement. This meta-analysis seeks to clarify the proposed relationships, applying a Two-Stage Structural Equation Modeling method to data collected from adult and adolescent studies. In total, 34 studies were included.

Results

The results indicated that, in adult samples, the facets of Acting with Awareness, Non-Judging, Describing, and Non-Reacting covaried significantly with depression and anxiety symptoms at time one, but only Acting with Awareness and Non-Reacting facets predicted a decrease of symptoms over time. Due to the scarcity of studies using childhood and adolescent samples, only the role of Acting with Awareness predicting depression was evaluated, and the results indicated that this facet predicts a decrease in depression over time among adolescents.

Conclusions

These results provide insight into the longitudinal relationships between DM facets and depression and anxiety symptoms and suggest the importance of focusing attention on these facets in mindfulness interventions.

Trial Registration

The project was preregistered at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/ye4af).

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Data Availability

All data are available at the Open Science Framework (https://osf.io/afgrj/https://doi.org/10.17605/OSF.IO/AFGRJ).

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Funding

This research was supported by a grant from the Basque Country (Ref. IT982-16 and Ref. PI_2016_1_0023).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Psychology and Education, University of Deusto, Avenida de las Universidades, 24, 48007, Bilbao, Spain

    Ángel Prieto-Fidalgo, Joana Gómez-Odriozola, Estibaliz Royuela-Colomer, Izaskun Orue, Liria Fernández-González, Lucía Oñate, Nerea Cortazar, Ioseba Iraurgi & Esther Calvete

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  1. Ángel Prieto-Fidalgo
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  2. Joana Gómez-Odriozola
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  3. Estibaliz Royuela-Colomer
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Contributions

A.P. collaborated with the design of the study, analyzed the data, wrote part of the paper, prepared the tables, and conducted literature search. J.G. developed the theoretical framework, wrote part of the paper, prepared the tables, and revised the references. E.R. collaborated with the design of the study and conducted literature search. I.O. collaborated with the design of the study and contributed to the final version of the manuscript. L.F. collaborated with the design of the study and revised the references. L.O. contributed to the development of the theoretical framework. N.C. contributed to the final version of the manuscript, contributed to the development of the theoretical framework, and reviewed the tables. I.I. collaborated with the design of the study and verified the analytical methods. E.C. collaborated with the design of the study, supervised the project, and conceived the original idea. All the authors except I.I. collaborated in the selection process of the articles. All authors discussed the results and approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.

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Correspondence to Joana Gómez-Odriozola.

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The procedures of this study have been approved by the institutional research committee of the University of Deusto and have been performed in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki and its later amendments.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Prieto-Fidalgo, Á., Gómez-Odriozola, J., Royuela-Colomer, E. et al. Predictive Associations of Dispositional Mindfulness Facets with Anxiety and Depression: a Meta-analytic Structural Equation Modeling Approach. Mindfulness 13, 37–53 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01756-9

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