Abstract
Objectives
Tai Chi Chuan (TCC) is a common mindfulness-based aerobic exercise. However, the evidence on the effects of TCC practice on mindfulness has been controversial. The aim of this study was to explore whether TCC practice with an emphasis on interoceptive awareness could improve mindfulness levels in a healthy adult population.
Methods
Sixty-one healthy adults without mind-body practice experience were divided into the TCC and control groups. Participants in the TCC group received classic Yang-style supervised TCC practice for 8 weeks, whereas those in the control group did not receive any intervention. The Five Facet Mindfulness Questionnaire and Multidimensional Assessment of Interoceptive Awareness were administrated at baseline, the end of week 8, and the end of week 24.
Results
In terms of mindfulness, significant interaction between group and time was found in describing, acting with awareness, nonjudging, and nonreactivity. For interoceptive awareness, there were marginally significant interaction effects of time and group in attention regulation, self-regulation, and trust. TCC practice significantly improved the above-mentioned dimensions of mindfulness and interoceptive awareness. Moreover, we still observed increased describing, acting with awareness, and nonjudging in mindfulness, and trusting in interoceptive awareness for the TCC group at the end of week 24.
Conclusions
This study indicated that 8-week TCC practice with a component of interoceptive awareness could increase mindfulness levels, which could still be observed in the 24th week. These findings are of great significance for health practice and treating emotional disorders utilizing mind-body practice as an alternative and complementary medicine.
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Funding
This work was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (grant number 31671163), the Scientific Foundation of Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (grant number Y9CX402008), CAS Key Laboratory of Mental Health, Institute of Psychology (grant number KLMH2011ZK07), as well as Open Research Fund of the CAS Key Laboratory of Behavioral Science, Institute of Psychology.
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L-ZC: designed and executed the study, analyzed the data, and wrote the paper. A-YD: designed and executed the study. YY, RS, ZH, and LG: executed the study. XD and AL: collaborated with the design and revised the paper. G-XW: designed the study, reviewed, edited, and revised the paper, and supervised this study. All authors approved the final version of the manuscript for submission.
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This study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Institute of Psychology, Chinese Academy of Sciences (CAS), and was carried out in accordance with the ethical standards laid down in the 1964 Declaration of Helsinki.
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All participants received an explanation of the experimental processes before the study began and provided written informed consent.
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The authors declare no competing interests.
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Chen, LZ., Dai, AY., Yao, Y. et al. Effects of 8-Week Tai Chi Chuan Practice on Mindfulness Level. Mindfulness 12, 1534–1541 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01622-8
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-021-01622-8