Arbuckle, J. L. (2014). IBM SPSS AMOS 23 user’s guide. New York: IBM.
Google Scholar
Arch, J. J., Brown, K. W., Dean, D. J., Landy, L. N., Brown, K. D., & Laudenslager, M. L. (2014). Self-compassion training modulates alpha-amylase, heart rate variability, and subjective responses to social evaluative threat in women. Psychoneuroendocrinology, 42, 49–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psyneuen.2013.12.018.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Becker, G. (1978). The mad genius debate. Beverly Hills: Sage.
Google Scholar
Blasco-Fontecilla, H., Baca-Garcia, E., Duberstein, P., Perez-Rodriguez, M., Dervic, K., Saiz-Ruiz, J., Courtet, P., de Leon, J., & Oquendo, M. A. (2010). An exploratory study of the relationship between diverse life events and specific personality disorders in a sample of suicide attempters. Journal of Personality Disorders, 24(6), 773–784. https://doi.org/10.1521/pedi.2010.24.6.773.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Bolier, L., Haverman, M., Westerhof, G. J., Riper, H., Smit, F., & Bohlmeijer, E. (2013). Positive psychology interventions: A meta-analysis of randomized controlled studies. BMC Public Health, 13(119). https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2458-13-119.
Bortz, J. (2005). Statistik für Human- und Sozialwissenschaftler: mit 242 Tabellen. Heidelberg: Springer.
Google Scholar
Brackmann, A. (2007). Ganz normal hochbegabt. Leben als hochbegabter Erwachsener. Stuttgart: Klett-Cotta.
Google Scholar
Brähler, E., Mühlan, H., Albani, C., & Schmidt, S. (2007). Teststatistische Prüfung und Normierung der deutschen Version des EUROHIS-QOL Lebensqualität-Index und des WHO-5 Wohlbefindens-Index. Diagnostica, 53(2), 83–96. https://doi.org/10.1026/0012-1924.53.2.83.
Article
Google Scholar
Breines, J. G., & Chen, S. (2012). Self-compassion increases self-improvement motivation. Personality and Social Psychology Bulletin, 38(9), 1133–1143. https://doi.org/10.1177/0146167212445599.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Byrne, B. M. (2001). Structural equation modeling with AMOS: Basic concepts, applications, and programming. Mahwah: Lawrence Erlbaum Associates.
Google Scholar
Cohen, J. (1988). Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences. Hillsdale: Erlbaum Associates.
Cole, D. A., & Maxwell, S. E. (2003). Testing mediational models with longitudinal data: Questions and tips in the use of structural equation modeling. Journal of Abnormal Psychology, 112(4), 558–577 http://psycnet.apa.org/doi/10.1037/0021-843X.112.4.558.
Article
Google Scholar
Czekierda, K., Banik, A., Park, C. L., & Luszczynaska, A. (2017). Meaning in life and physical health: Systematic review and meta-analysis. Health Psychology Review, 11(4), 387–418. https://doi.org/10.1080/17437199.2017.1327325.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Damásio, B. F., & Koller, S. H. (2015). Complex experiences of meaning in life: Individual differences among sociodemographic variables, sources of meaning and psychological functioning. Social Indicators Research, 123(1), 161–181. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11205-014-0726-3.
Article
Google Scholar
De Ridder, D. T. D., Lensvelt-Mulders, G., Finkenauer, C., Stok, F. M., & Baumeister, R. F. (2012). Taking stock of self-control: A meta-analysis of how trait self-control relates to a wide range of behaviors. Personality and Social Psychology Review, 16(1), 76–99. https://doi.org/10.1177/1088868311418749.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Demirbaş-Çelik, N., & Keklik, İ. (2018). Personality factors and meaning in life: The mediating role of competence, relatedness and autonomy. Journal of Happiness Studies. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-018-9984-0.
Dijkstra, P., Barelds, D. P. H., Ronner, S., & Nauta, A. P. (2012). Personality and well-being: Do the intellectually gifted differ from the general population? Advanced Development, 13, 103–118.
Google Scholar
Emmons, R. A. (2003). Personal goals, life meaning, and virtue: Wellsprings of a positive life. In C. L. M. Keyes & J. Haidt (Eds.), Flourishing: Positive psychology and the life well-lived (pp. 105–128). Washington, DC: American Psychological Association.
Chapter
Google Scholar
Faul, F., Erdfelder, E., Lang, A. G., & Buchner, A. (2007). G*power 3: A flexible statistical power analysis program for the social, behavioral, and biomedical sciences. Behavior Research Methods, 39, 175–191. https://doi.org/10.3758/BF03193146.
Article
Google Scholar
Gilbert, P., McEwan, K., Matos, M., & Rivis, A. (2011). Fears of compassion: Development of three self-report measures. Psychology and Psychotherapy: Theory, Research and Practice, 84(3), 239–255. https://doi.org/10.1348/147608310X526511.
Article
Google Scholar
Hanfstingl, B. (2013). Ego- and spiritual transcendence: Relevancies for psychological resilience and the role of age. Evidence-based Complementary and Alternative Medicine, 949838, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1155/2013/949838.
Article
Google Scholar
Hayes, A. F. (2013). Introduction to mediation, moderation, and conditional process analysis: A regression-based approach. New York: The Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Holahan, C. K., & Holahan, C. J. (1999). Being labeled as gifted, self-appraisal, and psychological well-being: A life span developmental perspective. International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 48(3), 161–173. https://doi.org/10.2190/CLU1-DEUK-XAFB-7HYJ.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hollis-Walker, L., & Colosimo, K. (2011). Mindfulness, self-compassion, and happiness in non-mediators: A theoretical and empirical examination. Personality and Individual Differences, 50, 222–227. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2010.09.033.
Article
Google Scholar
Holmes, T. H., & Rahe, R. H. (1967). The social readjustment rating scale. Journal of Psychosomatic Research, 11, 213–218. https://doi.org/10.1016/0022-3999(67)90010-4.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Hu, L., & Bentler, P. M. (1999). Cutoff criteria for fit indexes in covariance structure analysis: Conventional criteria versus new alternatives. Structural Equation Modeling, 6, 1–55. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705519909540118.
Article
Google Scholar
Hupfeld, J., & Ruffieux, N. (2011). Validierung einer deutschen Version der Self-Compassion Scale (SCS-D). Zeitschrift für Klinische Psychologie und Psychotherapie, 40(2), 115–123. https://doi.org/10.1026/1616-3443/a000088.
Article
Google Scholar
Jackson, P. S., & Peterson, J. (2003). Depressive disorder in highly gifted adolescents. Journal of Secondary Gifted Education, 14, 175–186. https://doi.org/10.4219/jsge-2003-429.
Article
Google Scholar
Karprinski, R. I., Kinase Kolb, A. M., Tetreault, N. A., & Borowski, T. B. (2018). High intelligence: A risk factor for psychological and physiological overexcitabilities. Intelligence, 66, 8–23. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2017.09.001.
Article
Google Scholar
Kim-Prieto, C., Diener, E., Tamir, M., Scollon, C., & Diener, M. (2005). Integrating the diverse definitions of happiness: A time-sequential framework of subjective well-being. Journal of Happiness Studies, 6, 261–300. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-005-7226-8.
Article
Google Scholar
King, L. A., Hicks, J. A., Krull, J. L., & Del Gaiso, A. K. (2006). Positive affect and the experience of meaning in life. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 90(1), 179–196. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.90.1.179.
Article
Google Scholar
Kline, R. B. (2005). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling (Second ed.). New York: Guilford.
Körner, A., Coroiu, A., Copeland, L., Gomez-Garibello, C., Albani, C., Zenger, M., & Brähler, E. (2015). The role of self-compassion in buffering symptoms of depression in the general population. PLoS One, 10(10), e0136598. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0136598.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Krieger, T., Berger, T., & Grosse Holtforth, M. (2016). The relationship of self-compassion and depression: Cross-lagged panel analyses in depressed patients after outpatient therapy. Journal of Affective Disorders, 202, 39–45. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2016.05.032.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Landis, R. S., Beal, D. J., & Tesluk, P. E. (2000). A comparison of approaches to forming composite measures in structural equation models. Organizational Research Methods, 3, 186–207. https://doi.org/10.1177/109442810032003.
Article
Google Scholar
Lee, J. H., Nam, S. K., Kim, A.-R., Kim, B., Lee, M. Y., & Lee, S. M. (2013). Resilience: A meta-analytic approach. Journal of Counseling and Development, 91, 269–279. https://doi.org/10.1002/j.1556-6676.2013.00095.x.
Article
Google Scholar
Little, T. D., Cunningham, W. A., Shahar, G., & Widaman, K. F. (2002). To parcel or not to parcel: Exploring the question, weighing the merits. Structural Equation Modeling, 9, 151–173. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15328007SEM0902_1.
Article
Google Scholar
Little, T. D., Preacher, K. J., Selig, J. P., & Card, N. A. (2007). New developments in latent variable panel analyses of longitudinal data. International Journal of Behavioral Development, 31, 357–365. https://doi.org/10.1177/0165025407077757.
Article
Google Scholar
Lombroso, C. (1891). The man of genius. London: Scott.
Google Scholar
Lubinski, D., Benbow, C. P., Webb, R. M., & Bleske-Rechek, A. (2006). Tracking exceptional human capital over two decades. Psychological Science, 17, 194–199. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1467-9280.2006.01685.x.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Lucas, R. E., Diener, E., & Suh, E. (1996). Discriminant validity of well-being measures. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 71(3), 616–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.71.3.616.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
MacBeth, A., & Gumley, A. (2012). Exploring compassion: A meta-analysis of the association between self-compassion and psychopathology. Clinical Psychology Review, 32, 545–552. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cpr.2012.06.003.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
MacCallum, R. C., Widaman, K. F., Zhang, S., & Hong, S. (1999). Sample size in factor analysis. Psychological Methods, 4, 84–99. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.4.1.84.
Article
Google Scholar
Martela, F., Ryan, R. M., & Steger, M. F. (2018). Meaningfulness as satisfaction of autonomy, competence, relatedness, and beneficence: Comparing the four satisfactions and positive affect as predictors of meaning in life. Journal of Happiness Studies, 19(5), 1261–1282.
Article
Google Scholar
Matsunaga, M. (2008). Item parceling in structural equation modeling: A primer. Communication Methods and Measures, 2(4), 260–293. https://doi.org/10.1080/19312450802458935.
Article
Google Scholar
Miller, N. B., Falk, R. F., & Huang, Y. (2009). Gender identity and the overexcitability profiles of gifted college students. Roeper Review, 31, 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783190902993920.
Article
Google Scholar
Mönks, F. J. (1963). Beiträge zur Begabtenforschung im Kindes- und Jugendalter. Archiv für die Gesamte Psychologie, 115, 362–382.
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2003a). The development and validation of a scale to measure self compassion. Self and Identity, 2, 223–250. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309027.
Article
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2003b). Self-compassion: An alternative conceptualization of a healthy attitude toward oneself. Self and Identity, 2, 85–102. https://doi.org/10.1080/15298860309032.
Article
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D. (2009). Self-compassion. In M. R. Leary & R. H. Hoyle (Eds.), Handbook of individual differences in social behavior (pp. 561–573). New York: Guilford Press.
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. (2013). A pilot study and randomized controlled trial of the mindful self-compassion program. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 6, 28–44. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.21923.
Article
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., & Germer, C. (2017). Self-compassion and psychological wellbeing. In J. Doty (Ed.), Oxford handbook of compassion science. Oxford: Oxford University Press.
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., Hsieh, Y., & Dejitterat, K. (2005). Self-compassion, achievement goals, and coping with academic failure. Self and Identity, 4, 263–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/13576500444000317.
Article
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., Kirkpatrick, K., & Rude, S. S. (2007). Self-compassion and adaptive psychological functioning. Journal of Research in Personality, 41, 139–154. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2006.03.004.
Article
Google Scholar
Neff, K. D., Pisitsungkagarn, K., & Hseih, Y. (2008). Self-compassion and self-construal in the United States, Thailand, and Taiwan. Journal of Cross-Cultural Psychology, 39, 267–285. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022022108314544.
Article
Google Scholar
Neihart, M. (1999). The impact of giftedness on psychological well-being. What does the empirical literature say? Roeper Review, 22, 10–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/02783199909553991.
Article
Google Scholar
Park, C. L. (2010). Making sense of the meaning literature: An integrative review of meaning making and its effects on adjustment to stressful life events. Psychological Bulletin, 136(2), 257. https://doi.org/10.1037/a0018301.
Article
Google Scholar
Phillips, W. J., & Ferguson, S. J. (2013). Self-compassion: A resource for positive aging. The Journals of Gerontology: Series B, 68(4), 529-539. https://doi.org/10.1093/geronb/gbs091.
Pollet, E., & Schnell, T. (2017). Brilliant: But what for? Meaning and subjective well-being in the lives of intellectually gifted and academically high-achieving adults. Journal of Happiness Studies, 18(5), 1459-1484. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10902-016-9783-4.
Preckel, F., & Vock, M. (2013). Hochbegabung. Ein Lehrbuch zu Grundlagen, Diagnostik und Fördermöglichkeiten. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Google Scholar
Preckel, F., Baudson, T. G., Krolak-Schwerdt, S., & Glock, S. (2015). Gifted and maladjusted? Implicit attitudes and automatic associations related to gifted children. American Educational Research Journal, 52, 1160–1184. https://doi.org/10.3102/0002831215596413.
Article
Google Scholar
Roepke, A. M., Jayawickreme, E., & Riffle, O. M. (2013). Meaning and health: A systematic review. Applied Research in Quality of Life, 9(4), 1055–1079. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11482-013-9288-9.
Article
Google Scholar
Rogers, W. M., & Schmitt, N. (2004). Parameter recovery and model fit using multidimensional composites: A comparison of four empirical parceling algorithms. Multivariate Behavioral Research, 39, 379–412. https://doi.org/10.1207/S15327906MBR3903_1.
Article
Google Scholar
Rost, D. H. (2013). Handbuch Intelligenz. Beltz: Weinheim.
Google Scholar
Ryan, R. M., & Deci, E. L. (2001). On happiness and human potentials: A review of research on hedonic and eudaimonic well-being. Annual Review of Psychology, 52, 141–166. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.psych.52.1.141.
Article
Google Scholar
Ryff, C. D. (1989). Happiness is everything, or is it? Explorations on the meaning of psychological well-being. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 57, 1069–1081.
Article
Google Scholar
Schnell, T. (2009). The Sources of Meaning and Meaning in Life Questionnaire (SoMe): Relations to demographics and well-being. The Journal of Positive Psychology, 4(6), 483–499. https://doi.org/10.1080/17439760903271074.
Article
Google Scholar
Schnell, T. (2010). Existential indifference: Another quality of meaning in life. Journal of Humanistic Psychology, 50(3), 351–373. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022167809360259.
Article
Google Scholar
Schnell, T. (2011). Individual differences in meaning-making: Considering the variety of sources of meaning, their density and diversity. Personality and Individual Differences, 51(5), 667–673. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.paid.2011.06.006.
Article
Google Scholar
Schnell, T. (2013). Mehr als angenehm – über Partizipation und Sinnerleben. In T. Köhler & C. Mertes (Eds.), Jahrbuch für Politische Beratung 2012/2013. Böhlau Verlag: Wien.
Google Scholar
Schnell, T. (2014). An empirical approach to existential psychology: Meaning in life operationalized. In S. Kreitler & T. Urbanek (Eds.), Conceptions of meaning (pp. 173–194). New York: Nova Science.
Google Scholar
Schnell, T. (2016). Psychologie des Lebenssinns. Heidelberg: Springer-Verlag.
Book
Google Scholar
Schnell, T., & Becker, P. (2007). Der Fragebogen zu Lebensbedeutung und Lebenssinn (LeBe). Manual. Göttingen: Hogrefe.
Google Scholar
Schnell, T., Gerstner, R., & Krampe, H. (2018). Crisis of Meaning Predicts Suicidality in Youth Independently of Depression. Crisis, 39, 294-303. https://doi.org/10.1027/0227-5910/a000503.
Seligman, M. E. P., Steen, T. A., Park, N., & Peterson, C. (2005). Positive psychology progress: Empirical validation of interventions. American Psychologist, 60(5), 410–421. https://doi.org/10.1037/0003-066X.60.5.410.
Article
Google Scholar
Silverman, L. K. (1999). Perfectionism: The crucible of giftedness. Advanced Development, 8, 47–61. https://doi.org/10.1177/026142940702300304.
Article
Google Scholar
Smeets, E., Neff, K., Alberts, H., & Peters, M. (2014). Meeting suffering with kindness: Effects of a brief self-compassion intervention for female college students. Journal of Clinical Psychology, 70(9), 794–807. https://doi.org/10.1002/jclp.22076.
Article
PubMed
Google Scholar
Spearman, C. (1904). “General intelligence”, objectively determined and measured. American Journal of Psychology, 15, 201–293.
Article
Google Scholar
Spearman, C. (1927). The abilities of man. New York: Macmillan.
Google Scholar
Steger, M. F., Frazier, P., Oishi, S., & Kaler, M. (2006). The meaning in life questionnaire: Assessing the presence of and search for meaning in life. Journal of Counseling Psychology, 53, 80–93. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-0167.53.1.80.
Article
Google Scholar
Steger, M. F., Kashdan, T. B., & Oishi, S. (2008). Being good by doing good: Eudaimonic activity and daily well-being correlates, mediators, and temporal relations. Journal of Research in Personality, 42, 22–42. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jrp.2007.03.004.
Article
Google Scholar
Terman, L. M. (1925). Genetic studies of genius. Stanford: Stanford University Press.
Google Scholar
Vötter, B., & Schnell, T. (2019). Life meaning versus intelligence? An analysis of three qualities of meaning among gifted adults. In A. Batthyany (Ed.), Logotherapy and existential analysis: Proceedings of the Viktor Frankl Institute Vienna (Vol. 2). Berlin: Springer.
Wirthwein, L., & Rost, D. H. (2011). Giftedness and subjective well-being: A study with adults. Learning and Individual Differences, 21, 1823–1186. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.lindif.2011.01.001.
Article
Google Scholar
Wong, C. C. Y., & Yeung, N. C. Y. (2017). Self-compassion and posttraumatic growth: Cognitive processes as mediators. Journal of Mindfulness, 8(4), 1078–1087. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12671-017-0683-4.
Article
Google Scholar
Wraw, C., Deary, I. J., Der, G., & Gale, C. R. (2016). Intelligence in youth and mental health at age 50. Intelligence, 58, 69–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intell.2016.06.005.
Article
PubMed
PubMed Central
Google Scholar
Zessin, U., Dickhauser, O., & Garbade, S. (2015). The relationship between self-compassion and well-being: A meta-analysis. Applied Psychology: Health and Well-Being. https://doi.org/10.1111/aphw.12051.