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Economic and environmental analysis of photovoltaic energy systems via robust optimization

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Abstract

This paper deals with the problem of determining the optimal size of a residential grid-connected photovoltaic system to meet a certain \(\mathrm{CO }_2\) reduction target at a minimum cost. Ren et al. proposed a novel approach using a simple linear programming that minimizes the total energy costs for residential buildings in Japan. However, their approach is based on a specific net tariff system that was used in Japan until October 2009, and it is not applicable to Japan’s current net tariff system. We propose a modified approach for Japan’s current tariff system. The mathematical formulation is general in the sense that it includes formulations for other tariff systems as special cases. Therefore, the approach is applicable not only to the Japanese system but also to other tariff systems (e.g., gross feed-in tariff system). We further extend this approach by using a robust optimization technique to cope with the uncertainty in photovoltaic power generation caused by weather variability. Numerical experiments show the minimum size requirements of solar photovoltaic systems for meeting \(\mathrm{CO }_2\) reduction targets and their economic costs in nominal and robust cases.

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Notes

  1. Robust optimization only requires mild assumptions for uncertain data such as bounded support and does not need the probability distribution. To relate an ellipsoidal uncertainty set to a confidence ellipsoid, however, we here assume the normal distribution.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. NEC Networks and System Integration Corporation, 2-6-1 Koraku, Bunkyo, Tokyo, 112–8560, Japan

    Shimpei Okido

  2. Department of Administration Engineering, Keio University, 3-14-1 Hiyoshi, Kouhoku, Yokohama, Kanagawa, 223-8522, Japan

    Akiko Takeda

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  1. Shimpei Okido
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  2. Akiko Takeda
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Correspondence to Akiko Takeda.

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Okido, S., Takeda, A. Economic and environmental analysis of photovoltaic energy systems via robust optimization. Energy Syst 4, 239–266 (2013). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-013-0077-1

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12667-013-0077-1

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