Skip to main content
SpringerLink
Log in

Incremental Severe Plastic Deformation Effect on Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of AA6063

  • Original Article
  • Published:
Transactions of the Indian Institute of Metals Aims and scope Submit manuscript

Abstract

In this experimental study, a commercially available AA 6063 in the form of cold profile extruded and T6 heat treated was processed by Incremental Equal Angular Pressing (I-ECAP) through the BC route. I-ECAP deformation was applied at room temperature with a feeding rate of 0.1 mm/cycle. Afterward, the effect of I-ECAP on the microstructure and mechanical properties of AA 6063 was investigated in detail. The aim of this study was to investigate the possibilities to improve properties of semi-products of commercially available aluminum alloy, especially for industrial applications. According to the visible light microscope observations 4 passes of I-ECAP resulted in grain size reduction, which was 46%. The hardness and tensile test results showed that the I-ECAP process significantly increased mechanical properties of the billets. The hardness was 56% higher, and the mechanical strength was 37% higher than measured for the initial state. Moreover, the grain size distribution was more homogenous in the 4 I-ECAP passes processed samples than the initial state. According to these results, the I-ECAP method has potential in industrial usage for manufacturing ultrafine and fine-grain semi- and final products with superior mechanical properties.

Graphic abstract

This is a preview of subscription content, log in via an institution to check access.

Access this article

Log in via an institution

Price excludes VAT (USA)
Tax calculation will be finalised during checkout.

Instant access to the full article PDF.

Institutional subscriptions

Fig. 1
Fig. 2
Fig. 3
Fig. 4
Fig. 5
Fig. 6
Fig. 7

Similar content being viewed by others

References

  1. Valiev R Z, Estrin Y, Horita Z, Langdon T G, Zehetbauer M J and Zhu Y, JOM 68 (2006) 1216.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  2. Zhu Y T and Langdon T G, JOM 56 (2004) 58.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  3. Hansen N and Mehl R F, Metall Mater Trans A: Phys Metall Mater Sci 32 (2001) 2917.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  4. Valiev R Z, and Langdon T G, Prog Mat Sci 51 (2006) 881.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  5. Rezaei M R, Shabestari S G, and Razavi S H, Compos Interfaces 25 (2018) 669.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  6. Mousavi S E, Naghshekesh N, Ahmadi F, Sadeghi B, and Cavaliere P, J Mater Sci Eng A 728 (2018) 231.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  7. Khelfa T, Muñoz-Bolaños J A, Li F, Cabrera-Marrero J M, and Khitouni M, Met Mater Int 26 (2020), 1247.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  8. Wang Y C, Afifi M A, Cheng X, Li S, and Langdon T G, Adv Eng Mater 22 (2020) 1.

    CAS  Google Scholar 

  9. Bulutsuz A G, Chrominski W and Huang Y, et al Adv. Eng. Mater., 22 (2020)

  10. A.G. Bulutsuz, M.E. Yurci, N.M. Durakbaşa, Mater. Res. 21 (2018)

  11. Rhee K Y, Han W Y, Park H J, and Kim S S, J Mater Sci Eng A 25 (2004) 70.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  12. Bazarnik P, Huang Y, Lewandowska M, and Langdon T G, J Mater Sci Eng A 712 (2018) 513.

  13. Pachla W, Kulczyk M, and Sus-Ryszkowska M, Mazur A, and Kurzydlowski K J, J Mater Process Technol 205 (2008) 173.

  14. Zhilyaev A P, Langdon T G, Prog Mater Sci 53 (2008) 893.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  15. Xu C,Horita Z, and Langdon T G, Acta Mater 55 (2007) 203.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  16. Huang J Y, Zhu Y T, Jiang H, and Lowe T C, Acta Mater 49 (2001) 1497.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  17. Raab G J, Valiev R Z, Lowe T C, and ZhuY T, J Mater Sci Eng A 382 (2004) 30.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  18. Rajinikanth V, Arora G, Narasaiah N, and Venkateswarlu K, Mater Lett 62 (2008) 301.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  19. Pandey S C, Joseph M A, Pradeep M S, Raghavendra K, Ranganath V R, Venkateswarlu K, and Langdon T G, J Mater Sci Eng A 62 (2012) 301.

    Google Scholar 

  20. Thangapandian N, Balasivanandha Prabu S, and Padmanabhan K A, J Mater Sci Eng A 649 (2016) 229.

  21. Siddesha H S and Shantharaja M, JOM 65 (2013) 294.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  22. Głuchowski W, Stobrawa J, Rdzawski Z, and Malec W, Mater Sci Forum 674 (2011) 177.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  23. Gunderov D V, Polyakov A V, Semenova I P, Raab G I, Churakova A A, Gimaltdinova E I, Sabirov I, and Segurado J, Mate Sci Eng 562 (2013) 128.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  24. Semenova I P, Polyakov A V, Raab G I, Lowe T C, and Valiev R Z, J Mater Sci 47 (2012) 7777.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  25. Xu C, Schroeder S, Berbon P B, and Langdon T G, Acta Mater 58 (2010) 1379.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  26. Lee J C, Seok H K, Han J H, and Chung Y H, Mater Res Bull 36 (2001) 997.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  27. Rosochowski A, and Olejnik L, AIP Proceedings 907 (2007).

  28. Rosochowski A, Olejnik L, and Richert M, Mater Sci Forum 584–586 (2008) 139.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  29. Olejnik L, Rosochowski A, and Richert M, Mater Sci Forum 584-586 (2008).

  30. Gzyl M, Rosochowski A, Boczkal S, and Olejnik L, J Mater Sci Eng A 638 (2015) 20.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  31. Mohebbi M S, and Akbarzadeh A, J Mater Sci Eng A 528 (2010) 180.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  32. Hohenwarter A, J Mater Sci Eng 626 (2015) 80.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  33. Eskandarzade M, Masoumi A, Faraji G, Mohammadpour M, and Yan X S, J Alloys Compd 695 (2017)1539.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  34. Frint P, Härtel M, Selbmann R, Dietrich D, Bergmann M, Lampke T, Landgrebe D, and Wagner M F X, J Met 8 (2018).

  35. Takizawa Y, Sumikawa K, Watanabe K, Masuda T, Yumoto M, Kanai Y, Otagiri Y, and Horita Z, Metall Mater Trans A Phys Metall Mater Sci 49 (2018) 1830.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  36. Shigeno E, Komatsu T, Sumikawa K, Masuda T, Takizawa Y, Yumoto M, Otagiri Y, and Z. Horita, Mater Trans 48 (2018) 1830.

    Google Scholar 

  37. Lipinska M, Chrominski W, Olejnik L, Golinski J, Rosochowski A, and Lewandowska M, Metall. Mater. Trans. A Phys Metall Mater Sci 48 (2017) 4871.

  38. Olejnik L, Chrominski W, Rosochowski A, Lipinska M, and Lewandowska M, IOP Con Series: Mater Sci Eng (2014) 63.

  39. Chrominski W, Olejnik L, Rosochowski A, Lewandowska M, J Mater Sci Eng A 636 (2015)172.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  40. Chrominski W, Kulczyk M, Siwek M, and Lewandowska M, Mater Sci Forum 765 (2013) 388.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  41. Majzoobi G H, Nemati J, Pipelzadeh M K, and Sulaiman S, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 84 (2016) 663.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  42. Abd El Aal M I, and Sadawy M M, Trans. Nonferrous Met. Soc. China (English Edition), 25 (2015) 3865.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  43. Faraji G, Roostae S, Seyyed Nosrati A, Kang J Y, and Kim H S, Metall Mater Trans A Phys Metall Mater Sci 46 (2015) 1805.

  44. Samaee M, Najafi S, Eivani A R, Jafarian H R, and Zhou J, J Mater Sci Eng A 669 (2016) 350.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  45. Das M, Das G, Ghosh M, Wegner M, Rajnikant V, Ghosh Chowdhury S, and Pal T K, J Mater Sci Eng A 558 (2012) 525.

  46. Bagherzadeh S, Abrinia K, Liu Y, and Han Q, Int J Adv Manuf Technol 88 (2017) 229.

    Article  Google Scholar 

  47. Edwards G A, Stiller K, Dunlop G L, and Couper M J, Acta Mater 46 (1998) 3893.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  48. Marioara C D, Andersen S J, Jansen J, and Zandbergen H W, Acta Mater. 49 (2001) 321.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  49. Najafi S, Eivani A R, Samaee M, et al. Mater Charact 136 (2018) 60.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  50. Gzyl M, Rosochowski A, and Boczkal S, et al, Adv Eng Mater 18 (2016).

  51. Qarni M J, Sivaswamy G, Rosochowski V, and Boczkal S, Mater Design 122 (2017) 385.

    Article  CAS  Google Scholar 

  52. Lapovok R, Loader C, Torre F H D, and Semiatin S L, J Mater Sci Eng A 425 (2006) 36.

    Article  Google Scholar 

Download references

Acknowledgement

This research was supported by TEM Technical Electrical Materials Industry and Trade Inc. Company and by The Scientific and Technological Research Council of Turkey (No. 216M037).

Author information

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, Yildiz Technical University, Istanbul, Turkey

    Asli Günay Bulutsuz & Witold Chrominski

  2. Faculty of Materials Science and Engineering Warsaw, University of Technology, Warsaw, Poland

    Asli Günay Bulutsuz & Witold Chrominski

Authors
  1. Asli Günay Bulutsuz
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

  2. Witold Chrominski
    View author publications

    You can also search for this author in PubMed Google Scholar

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Asli Günay Bulutsuz.

Additional information

Publisher's Note

Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.

Rights and permissions

Reprints and permissions

About this article

Check for updates. Verify currency and authenticity via CrossMark

Cite this article

Günay Bulutsuz, A., Chrominski, W. Incremental Severe Plastic Deformation Effect on Mechanical and Microstructural Characteristics of AA6063. Trans Indian Inst Met 74, 69–77 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-02122-4

Download citation

  • Received:

  • Accepted:

  • Published:

  • Issue Date:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-020-02122-4

Keywords

Search

Navigation