Abstract
This study aims at investigating the effect of friction stir welding (FSW) on the electrochemical behavior of pure copper in 0.01 M borax solution (pH = 9.1). For this purpose, pure copper was welded with rotation speeds of 355 and 500 rpm and welding speeds of 20, 28 and 40 mm/min. Before any electrochemical measurements, evaluation of pure copper and welded pure copper microstructures was obtained by X-ray diffraction and scanning electron microscopy. Furthermore, the electrochemical behavior of the samples in 0.01 M borax solution was investigated by using open circuit potential measurements, potentiodynamic polarization tests, electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) and Mott–Schottky analysis. The results indicated that FSW led to reduction of the grain size of pure copper and improvement of resistance against the stir corrosion area. Also according to Mott–Schottky analysis, it was found that the calculated acceptor density decreased with decreasing the grain size of the stir zone. These results were consistent with the results of the potentiodynamic polarization and EIS measurements, evidencing that the electrochemical behavior of the stir zone enhanced with decreasing of the grain size.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Ni D R, Xiao B L, Ma Z Y, Qiao Y X, and Zheng Y G Corrosion properties of friction–stir processed cast NiAl bronze. Corros Sci 52 (2010) 1610.
Squillace A, De Fenzo A, Giorleo G, Bellucci F, A comparison between FSW and TIG welding techniques: modifications of microstructure and pitting corrosion resistance in AA 2024-T3 butt joints. J Mater Process Technol 152 (2004) 97
Paglia C S, and Buchheit R G, A look in the corrosion of aluminum alloy friction stir welds. Scripta Mater 58 (2008) 383.
Proton V, Alexis J l, Andrieu E, Delfosse J, Lafont M-C, Blanc C, Characterisation and understanding of the corrosion behaviour of the nugget in a 2050 aluminium alloy Friction Stir Welding joint. Corros Sci 73 (2013) 130
Sarvghad-Moghaddam M, Parvizi R, Davoodi A, Haddad-Sabzevar M, Imani A, Establishing a correlation between interfacial microstructures and corrosion initiation sites in Al/Cu joints by SEM–EDS and AFM–SKPFM. Corros Sci 79 (2014) 148.
Fahimpour V, Sadrnezhaad S K, Karimzadeh F, Corrosion behavior of aluminum 6061 alloy joined by friction stir welding and gas tungsten arc welding methods. Mater Des 39 (2012) 329.
Zeng R-C, Chen J, Dietzel W, Zettler R, dos Santos J F, Nascimento M L, Kainer K U, Corrosion of friction stir welded magnesium alloy AM50. Corros Sci 51 (2009) 1738
Chen T, Xue W, Li Y, Liu X, Du J, Corrosion behavior of friction stir welded AZ31B magnesium alloy with plasma electrolytic oxidation coating formed in silicate electrolyte. Mater Chem Phys 144 (2014) 462
Maggiolino S, Schmid C, Corrosion resistance in FSW and in MIG welding techniques of AA6XXX. J Mater Process Technol 197 (2008) 237.
Park S H C, Sato Y S, Kokawa H, Okamoto K, Hirano S, Inagaki M, Corrosion resistance of friction stir welded 304 stainless steel. Scripta Mater 51 (2004) 101.
Zhong Q, Yu L, Xiao Y, Wang Y, Zhou Q, and Zhong Q, The effect of grain size and Cl− concentration on the passive behavior of Cu in borate buffer solution. Adv Mater Res 785 (2013) 928
Sanad S H, Taman A R, Corrosion inhibition of copper and carbon steel in white petroleum oil. Surf Technol 23 (1984) 159
Pourbaix M, Atlas of Electrochemical Equilibria in Aqueous Solutions, 2nd ed., NACE, Houston (1974).
Souto R M, Gonzalez S, Salvarezza R C, Arvia A J, Kinetics of copper passivation and pitting corrosion in Na2SO4 containing dilute NaOH aqueous solution. Electrochim Acta 39 (1994) 2619.
Pérez Sánchez M, Barrera M, González S, Souto R M, Salvarezza R C, Arvia A J, Electrochemical behaviour of copper in aqueous moderate alkaline media, containing sodium carbonate and bicarbonate, and sodium perchlorate. Electrochim Acta 35 (1990) 1337.
Laz M M, Souto R M, González S, Salvarezza , Arvia A J, The formation of anodic layers on annealed copper surfaces in phosphate-containing solutions at different pH. Electrochim Acta 37 (1992) 655.
Khodaverdizadeh H, Mahmoudi A, Heidarzadeh A, and Nazari E, Effect of friction stir welding (FSW) parameters on strain hardening behavior of pure copper joints. Mater Des 35 (2012) 330.
Lin J-W, Chang H-C, Wu M-H, Comparison of mechanical properties of pure copper welded using friction stir welding and tungsten inert gas welding. J Manufac Process 16 (2014) 296.
Xue P, Xiao B L, Zhang Q, Ma Z Y, Achieving friction stir welded pure copper joints with nearly equal strength to the parent metal via additional rapid cooling. Scripta Mater 64 (2011) 1051.
Khodaverdizadeh H, Heidarzadeh A, and Saeid T, Effect of tool pin profile on microstructure and mechanical properties of friction stir welded pure copper joints. Mater Des 45 (2013) 265.
Pashazadeh H, Teimournezhad J, Masoumi A, Numerical investigation on the mechanical, thermal, metallurgical and material flow characteristics in friction stir welding of copper sheets with experimental verification. Mater Des 55 (2014) 619.
Pashazadeh H, Masoumi A, and Teimournezhad J, Numerical modelling for the hardness evaluation of friction stir welded copper metals. Mater Des 49 (2013) 913.
Hwang Y M, Fan P L, and Lin C H, Experimental study on Friction Stir Welding of copper metals. J Mater Process Technol 210 (2010) 1667.
Badawy W A, and Ai-Kharafi F M, Corrosion behavior of brass alloys in aqueous solutions of different pH. Corrosion 55 (1999) 268.
Burstein G T, A hundred years of Tafel’s Equation: 1905–2005. Corros Sci 47 (2005) 2858.
Shim J J, and Kim J G, Copper corrosion in potable water distribution systems: influence of copper products on the corrosion behavior. Mater Lett 58 (2004) 2002.
Sarlak H, Atapour M, and Esmailzadeh M, Corrosion behavior of friction stir welded lean duplex stainless steel. Mater Des 66 (2015) 209.
Fattah-alhosseini A, and Imantalab O, Effect of accumulative roll bonding process on the electrochemical behavior of pure copper. J Alloys Compd 632 (2015) 48.
Imantalab O, and Fattah-alhosseini A, Electrochemical and passive behaviors of pure copper fabricated by accumulative roll-bonding (ARB) process. J Mater Eng Perform 24 (2015) 2579.
Wu H, Wang Y, Zhong Q, Sheng M, Du H, and Li Z, The semi-conductor property and corrosion resistance of passive film on electroplated Ni and Cu–Ni alloys. J Electroanal Chem 663 (2011) 59.
Nakaoka K, Ueyama J, Ogura K, Photoelectrochemical behavior of electrodeposited CuO and Cu2O thin films on conducting substrates. J Electrochem Soc 151 (2004) C661.
Hsu Y-K, Yu C-H, Chen Y-C, Lin Y-G, Fabrication of coral-like Cu2O nanoelectrode for solar hydrogen generation. J Power Sources 242 (2013) 541.
Ling Y, Taylor M, Sharifiasl S, and Macdonald D D, The semiconducting properties and impedance analysis of passive films on copper in anoxic sulfide-containing solutions from the viewpoint of the point defect model. ECS Trans 50 (2013) 53.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Fattah-alhosseini, A., Taheri, A.H. & Keshavarz, M.K. Effect of Friction Stir Welding on Electrochemical Behavior of Pure Copper. Trans Indian Inst Met 69, 1423–1434 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0701-y
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-015-0701-y