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Experimental Investigation of Macrosegregation During Vertical Solidification of Lead–Tin Alloys

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Abstract

Thermosolutal convection during solidification of alloys is one of the major causes of macrosegregation. An experimental investigation was carried out on lead–tin alloys to study the evolution of macrosegregation during vertical solidification in laboratory. The emphasis was on accurate measurements of temperatures during solidification as well as segregation measurements and microstructural examination of solidified samples. The nominal compositions of ingots were Pb–35% Sn, Pb–19 wt% Sn and Sn–15 wt% Pb. Experiments were carried out at two superheats and different cooling rates. With decreasing cooling rate, increase in axial macrosegregation was observed in lead rich alloys. No macrosegregation was observed in tin rich alloys. Convection of interdendritic liquid was found to be responsible for macrosegregation. Also, from experimental data, heat flux to cooling water, local solidification times in the melt as well as dendritic arm spacings were determined.

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Acknowledgments

This work was carried out under grants from Department of Science and Technology, Government of India. The authors are thankful to late Professor R. Balasubramaniam, Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, IIT Kanpur, for useful discussions and suggestions. The authors gratefully acknowledge the support, encouragement and suggestions form Professor E. C. Subbarao, Senior Advisor, Tata Consultancy Services and Professor Mathai Joseph, Senior Advisor, Tata Consultancy Services.

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  1. Ahindra Ghosh

    Present address: , Flat 3C, Shatabdi, 54/2/1/1/1, Andul Road, Howrah, 711109, India

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Tata Research Development and Design Centre, 54B, Hadapsar Industrial Estate, Pune, 411013, India

    Amarendra K. Singh

  2. Aditya Birla Science and Technology Co. Ltd, Taloja, 410208, India

    Biswajit Basu

  3. Department of Materials and Metallurgical Engineering, Indian Institute Technology, Kanpur, 208016, India

    Ahindra Ghosh

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  1. Amarendra K. Singh
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  2. Biswajit Basu
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  3. Ahindra Ghosh
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Correspondence to Amarendra K. Singh.

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Singh, A.K., Basu, B. & Ghosh, A. Experimental Investigation of Macrosegregation During Vertical Solidification of Lead–Tin Alloys. Trans Indian Inst Met 65, 85–96 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-011-0111-8

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-011-0111-8

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