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Description of failure modes in welded components operating in the creep regime

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Abstract

Welding is one of the most important joining technologies in modern process and power plant construction. At present, martensitic heat resistant 9–12% chromium steels are one of the favored materials used for high temperature components, because of their good weldability, excellent hot workability and high creep strength. Nevertheless, under service conditions, for a number of these martensitic steels, the fine grained or intercritical heat affected zone (HAZ3) has the poorest creep strength since the heat input of the welding affects the microstructure of this zone. Furthermore the stress situation and multiaxiality of the stress state in the weld region changes permanently due to creep and relaxation. Experimental results show a strong influence of the factor of multiaxiality of the stress state on the creep behaviour of components especially of welded components. This paper gives a phenomenological description of the specific damage and failure behaviour of creep loaded welds. The previously mentioned time dependent stress — strain situation in weldments will be discussed and the influence of the multiaxiality of the stress state will be identified. Basic possibilities to avoid premature failure in the HAZ region are shown such as the optimum heat treatment of the base metal (BM) prior to welding, the variation of the welding methods and the optimization of the welding geometry and the deposit materials.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. MPA University of Stuttgart, Stuttgart, Germany

    E. Roos, M. Bauer, A. Klenk & K. Maile

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  1. E. Roos
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  2. M. Bauer
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  3. A. Klenk
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  4. K. Maile
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Correspondence to E. Roos.

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Roos, E., Bauer, M., Klenk, A. et al. Description of failure modes in welded components operating in the creep regime. Trans Indian Inst Met 63, 101–109 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-010-0014-0

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12666-010-0014-0

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