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Proposing a novel method for the irrigation water quality assessment, using entropy weighted method, entitled: “EIWQI”

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Abstract

In the pursuit of advancing water quality assessment methodologies, particularly for the purposes of irrigation, it is of utmost importance to enhance our understanding of water quality to effectively manage water resources. Recognizing this necessity, our study introduces the application of the Entropy method, for the first time, in the assessment of irrigation water quality in the Urmia plain groundwater resources. The approach coined as entropy weighted irrigation water quality index (EIWQI) has been devised. Key indicators of irrigation water quality, namely, Sodium Absorption Ratio (SAR), Residual Sodium Carbonate (RSC), Sodium percentage (Na%), Total Hardness (TH), and Electrical Conductivity (EC), were calculated for 69 groundwater samples, alongside the determination of major ions present in the groundwater, including Ca2+, Mg2+, Na+, K+, So42−, Cl−, HCo3−, and CO32−. Subsequently, the water quality index was quantified through the implementation of the entropy weighted method. The proposed EIWQI enables the classification of irrigation water quality into four categories: excellent, good, doubtful, and unsuitable. Following the application of the EIWQI to the aforementioned data points, the groundwater of the study area was categorized as good (42.02%), doubtful (52.17%), and unsuitable (5.79%). To assess the accuracy of the proposed methodology, the EIWQI calculation results were compared with the SAR, Na%, and RSC values obtained from the sample points, as well as their fuzzy overlay outputs. Performance criteria such as Mean Absolute Deviation (MAD), Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE), Mean Square Error (MSE), and Root Mean Square Error (RMSE) were utilized, all of which substantiated the accuracy of the model, yielding values of 0.217, 8.574, 0.217, and 0.466, respectively. These results underscore the precision and applicability of the proposed methodology.

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Funding

The authors of manuscript, Alireza Docheshmeh Gorgij and Mohammad Mehdi Moayeri, approve that the present study has not been submitted elsewhere and it is not under review by another journal. The authors, Also, declare that No funds, grants, or other support were received during the preparation of this manuscript, and it should be stated that, the authors have no relevant financial or non-financial interests to disclose.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Industry and Mining (Khash), University of Sistan and Baluchestan, Zahedan, Iran

    Alireza Docheshmeh Gorgij

  2. Department of Water Science, Faculty of Agriculture, Tabriz University, Tabriz, Iran

    Mohammad Mehdi Moayeri

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  1. Alireza Docheshmeh Gorgij
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All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by ADG and MMM. The first draft of the manuscript was written by ADG and both authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Alireza Docheshmeh Gorgij.

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Gorgij, A.D., Moayeri, M.M. Proposing a novel method for the irrigation water quality assessment, using entropy weighted method, entitled: “EIWQI”. Environ Earth Sci 82, 462 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-023-11150-4

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