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Permeability scale effect analyzed in high resolution in Brazilian Neoproterozoic karst aquifer

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Abstract

Quantifying the permeability in karst aquifers often is imprecise and difficult to interpret. Therefore, it is possible to notice the increase and decrease of permeability values related to the known triple porosity within the karstic system. This work analyzed small- and well-scale data from a tubular well situated in a Brazilian Neoproterozoic karst aquifer to show the scale effect and relationships between fractures/channels flow zones and regional tectonic structures of the area. At the micro-scale, 3D micro-Ct images of tubular well core samples and thin sections were used to analyze the aquifer matrix and micro-fractures. In well-scale, data from high-resolution acoustic geophysical logging, borehole video, and drilling reports helped to analyze fractures and channels. Multi-scale lineament mapping with geophysical logging aided to correlate the major tectonic structures in the area to the existing flow zones. The result showed an increase of eleven orders of magnitude in values of permeability and transmissivity from micro- to well-scale, indicating the scale effect, explained by the low permeability of the matrix and the influence of fractures and channels in flow zones in the aquifer. The groundwater flow can be linked regionally to the presence of tectonic structures associated with the anticlinal fold present in the study area, diabase dike intrusions, and the Cenozoic transcurrence. The use of high-resolution methods makes possible the distinction between matrix, fractures, and channels in the calculation of hydraulic parameters allowing a better understanding of the influence of each structure in the groundwater flow.

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Data availability

The authors declare that all data supporting the findings of this study are available within the article [and its supplementary information files].

Change history

Abbreviations

\({b}_{f}\) :

Hydraulic aperture of a single fracture [L]

\({b}_{total}\) :

Total thickness of aquifer [L]

\({d}_{c}\) :

Channel aperture [L]

\({d}_{c,lam}\) :

Laminar channel aperture [L]

\({d}_{c,turb}\) :

Turbulent channel aperture [L]

Dp:

Average pore diameter [L]

\(g\) :

Gravitational constant [L/t2]: 9.81 m/s2

\(k\) :

Matrix permeability [L2]

\({k}_{f}\) :

Permeability of a fracture [L2]

\({K}_{sm}\) :

Matrix hydraulic conductivity [L/t]

sp :

Sample surface area [L2]

\({T}_{w}\) :

Transmissivity [L2/t]

θ :

Angle between fracture and horizontal (dip of each fracture)

\(v\) :

Kinematic viscosity of the water [L2/t]: 10–6 m2/s

\({\upsilon }_{p}\) :

Particle volume [L3]

ε :

Effective porosity of matrix [µL]

φ:

Particle sphericity [L]

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Acknowledgements

Thanks to Advanced Logic Technology for the academic license of Wellcad 5.4 and the ISI module. This work was funded by UFPR/FUNPAR l as part of the Diagenesis project, together with the Lamir Institute (iLamir-UFPR) and the Hydrogeological Research Laboratory (LPH-UFPR).

Funding

This Research was funded by Federal University of Paraná/FUNPAR as part of the Diagenesis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Hydrogeological Research Laboratory, Federal University of Paraná, Ave. Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-990, Brazil

    Tereza Cristina Ferreira Campos Morato Filpi, Camila de Vasconcelos Müller Athayde & Gustavo Barbosa Athayde

  2. Federal University of Minas Gerais, Institute of Geosciences, Ave. Pres. Antônio Carlos 6627, Belo Horizonte, Minas Gerais, 31270-901, Brazil

    Paulo Henrique Ferreira Galvão

  3. Mineral and Rock Analysis Laboratory Institute, Federal University of Paraná, Ave. Coronel Francisco H. dos Santos 100, Curitiba, Paraná, 81531-990, Brazil

    Larissa da Rocha Santos, Anelize Bahniuk Rumbelsperger & Leonardo Fadel Cury

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Correspondence to Tereza Cristina Ferreira Campos Morato Filpi.

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This work was supported by Federal University of Paraná/FUNPAR as part of the  Diagenesis project together with the Lamir Institute (iLAMIR-UFPR) and the Hydrogeological Research Laboratory (LPH-UFPR) and the author Tereza Filpi has received research support from the Diagenesis Project during all the research time.

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Ferreira Campos Morato Filpi, T., Ferreira Galvão, P., da Rocha Santos, L. et al. Permeability scale effect analyzed in high resolution in Brazilian Neoproterozoic karst aquifer. Environ Earth Sci 82, 57 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10743-9

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  • Published:

  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-022-10743-9

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