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Evaluation of engineering characteristics and estimation of static properties of clay-bearing rocks

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Abstract

Estimating the static properties of rocks, especially low-strength rocks, is time-consuming, costly, and in some cases impossible. The current study was carried out to evaluate the petrographic (XRD, thin section, and calcimetry), physical (porosity, absorption, density), mechanical [uniaxial compressive strength (UCS), Young’s modulus (Es), Poisson ratio] and dynamic [compressional wave velocity (Vp), shear wave velocity (Vs), dynamic modulus (Ed)] properties of the Godarkhosh dam site, in western Iran. Then, some relationships were proposed to estimate the mechanical properties using simple regression (SR), multiple linear regression, and artificial neural networks (ANN). The XRD analysis showed that the main clay minerals observed in rocks are Illite, Kaolinite, and Chlorite. Therefore, these clay rocks’ swelling potential is low. In addition, due to the high percentage of carbonate minerals in the marl samples, the mechanical and dynamic properties of the marls samples were higher than shale samples. Statistical analysis showed that both UCS and Es have a significant correlation with physical properties and Vp. The relationship between UCS with these parameters is more than with the Es. Besides, the UCS and Es’s relationship with Vp were higher than the physical properties. Presented relationships were compared with previous suggested equations. The UCS and Es relationship, based on universal average data, showed that there is a moderate correlation (RMSE = 0.30, R = 0.74) between these two variables. The ANN exhibits a higher accuracy than the MLR and SR methods in estimating the Es and UCS. The neural network is also conservative in estimating the modulus of elasticity of the clay-bearing rocks; however, it is not conservative in predicting the UCS of these rocks.

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Acknowledgements

The authors thank staff of “Mahab Qodss Engineering Company” (MQEC) to provide the necessary cooperation. This study was sponsored by a 2/44569 grant number from the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Faculty of Sciences, for which the authors express their sincere thanks. The authors also wish to thank the anonymous referees and editors for comments and suggestions that improved this paper.

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  1. Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, 9177948974, Iran

    Ahmad Rastegarnia, Gholam Reza Lashkaripour, Ebrahim Sharifi Teshnizi & Mohammad Ghafoori

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  1. Ahmad Rastegarnia
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Rastegarnia, A., Lashkaripour, G.R., Sharifi Teshnizi, E. et al. Evaluation of engineering characteristics and estimation of static properties of clay-bearing rocks. Environ Earth Sci 80, 621 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-021-09914-x

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