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Hydrochemical study of the Caldas Novas Thermal Complex (GO), Brazil

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Abstract

The city of Caldas Novas, State of Goiás, Brazil, holds the largest thermal water complex in the planet not associated to with volcanism or other kinds of magmatism. Its structural control allows the fractures to be wide and deep enough so the waters can reach 1000 m depth. These waters are extracted mainly by deep wells, from the exploitation of the Paranoá and Araxá Aquifer Systems, emerging at temperatures higher than 59 °C. With a growing demand for water resources, groundwater exploration became an attractive alternative for public supply, due to its abundance, quality and low abstraction cost. In Caldas Novas, due to the population growth over the last decades and the increasing number of tourists, a disordered groundwater consumption drawdown the water levels. In order to survive, these reservoirs depend on rainwater infiltration rates to replenish the thermal springs; however, the lack of environmental management and the high risk of contamination, due to the unconsolidated materials thinness, may threaten the thermal aquifer. This study was based on the hydrochemical characterization of Caldas Novas Thermal Complex waters, including radioactive parameters, whose descriptions in the literature are still scarce. Besides, concerning the prospective increase on touristic activities, physicochemical water analyses are periodically required, being this paper a contribution for such purpose.

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Fig. 1
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Reproduce with permission from Almeida (2011)

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Reproduce with permission from Campos et al. (2009)

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Reproduce with permission from Campos and Almeida (2012)

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Reproduce with permission from Almeida (2011)

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Reproduce with permission from (Andrade and Almeida 2012)

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Reproduce with permission from Ferreira (2003)

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Acknowledgements

CAPES (Coordination for the Development of Higher Education Personnel) in Brazil is greatly thanked for the scholarship to ML.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Instituto de Geociências e Ciências Exatas, IGCE, Universidade Estadual Paulista, UNESP, Av. 24-A, No 1515, P.O. Box 178, Rio Claro, São Paulo, CEP 13506-900, Brazil

    Marina Lunardi & Daniel Marcos Bonotto

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  1. Marina Lunardi
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  2. Daniel Marcos Bonotto
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Correspondence to Marina Lunardi.

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Lunardi, M., Bonotto, D.M. Hydrochemical study of the Caldas Novas Thermal Complex (GO), Brazil. Environ Earth Sci 77, 71 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-018-7240-x

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