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Effects of water and salinity on plant species composition and community succession in Ejina Desert Oasis, northwest China

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Abstract

Ecologic patterns and community succession are generally controlled by hydrologic mechanisms, especially for plant distributions which are sensitive to habitat conditions. The hydrology characteristics of ecosystems mainly influenced plant ecological processes in water and salinity changes. In this paper, we analyzed the composition and characteristic of natural plant community, divided the plant community classes and discussed the effect of water and salinity gradients on plant species and community classes in Ejina Desert Oasis. The results demonstrated that Populus euphratica, Tamarix chinensis and Phragmites communis were the most important plant species that had the highest important values among forest, shrubs and herbaceous. Six plant community patterns were classified by cluster analysis in Ejina Desert Oasis. Species richness and species diversity were the highest near West River and East River channels of the core oasis area. The distributions of plant community were mainly influenced by the following factors: distance from river channel, groundwater level, soil water content, soil salinity and groundwater salinity. The water and salinity factors, which controlled the distributions of plant, were the main driving forces for ecosystem succession. The plant community succession is becoming toward the type of shrub + herb or low shrub with very drought-tolerant from the type of forest + shrub + herb with tall and high water consumption, when habitat conditions change from good to poor. The water gradients had more significant and more directed effect than salinity gradients on plant species and communities.

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Acknowledgments

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 41101026, 91025002), International Postdoctoral Exchange Fellowship Program (No. 201389), West Light Foundation of The Chinese Academy of Sciences (No. 29Y128881) and China Postdoctoral Science Foundation (No. 20110490863). We appreciate Dr. Xiaoyou Zhang, Dr. Yonghong Su, Mr. Yingsheng Guo and Mrs. Bing Jia for the assistance in field work, and anonymous reviewers for their comments.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Key Laboratory of Ecohydrology and Integrated River Basin Science, Cold and Arid Region Environmental and Engineering Research Institute, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Haiyang Xi, Qi Feng, Jianhua Si, Zongqiang Chang, Tengfei Yu & Rui Guo

  2. Alashan Desert Eco-hydrology Experimental Research Station, Ejina, 735400, China

    Haiyang Xi, Qi Feng, Jianhua Si, Zongqiang Chang, Tengfei Yu & Rui Guo

  3. Gansu Province Eco-hydrology Engineering Research Center, Lanzhou, 730000, China

    Haiyang Xi, Qi Feng, Jianhua Si, Zongqiang Chang, Tengfei Yu & Rui Guo

  4. CSIRO Land and Water Flagship, Canberra, ACT, 2601, Australia

    Haiyang Xi & Lu Zhang

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  1. Haiyang Xi
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  2. Qi Feng
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  3. Lu Zhang
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  4. Jianhua Si
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Correspondence to Haiyang Xi.

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Xi, H., Feng, Q., Zhang, L. et al. Effects of water and salinity on plant species composition and community succession in Ejina Desert Oasis, northwest China. Environ Earth Sci 75, 138 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12665-015-4823-7

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