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Impacts of river recharge on groundwater level and hydrochemistry in the lower reaches of Heihe River Watershed, northwestern China

Impacts de la recharge de la rivière sur le niveau et l’hydrochimie de la nappe dans les biefs inférieurs du bassin versant de la rivière Heihe, Nord-Ouest de la Chine

Impacto de la recarga de un río en el nivel de agua subterránea y la hidroquímica en los sectores más bajos de la cuenca del Río Heihe en el noroeste de China

中国西北黑河流域下游河水补给对地下水水位和水化学的影响

Impactes da recarga fluvial no nível de água subterrânea e na hidroquímica dos troços inferiores da bacia hidrográfica do Rio Heihe, noroeste da China

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Abstract

Water resources have been overexploited for agricultural irrigation and industrial production in the upper and middle reaches of the Heihe River, northwestern China. Due to inadequate water resources management, the runoff entering into the lower reaches has been continuously reduced in recent years. The Heihe River is the primary recharge source for the groundwater of the lower reaches, so the decrease in runoff has caused the groundwater level to decline. As a result, a series of ecological and environmental problems has now appeared in the lower reaches, including river-flow interruptions, drying up of associated lakes, degeneration of vegetative cover and so on. In view of these issues, the National Water Diversion Project was put into practice in July 2000. It has significantly increased the quantity and frequency of flows entering into the lower reaches of the Heihe River, and has recharged the groundwater and improved the water quality to some degree along the length of the river. The water deliveries have had obvious influences on the groundwater in the lower reaches. The groundwater level increase and groundwater quality improvement have been of great benefit in restoring the ecological environment that was destroyed in past years.

Résumé

les ressources en eau ont été surexploitées pour l’irrigation et la production industrielle dans les biefs moyens et supérieurs de la rivière Heihe, Nord-Ouest de la Chine. En raison d’une gestion inappropriée de la ressource, le débit entrant dans les biefs inférieurs a été continuellement réduit durant les dernières années. La rivière Heihe est la principale source de recharge de la nappe des biefs inférieurs, de sorte que la diminution du débit a causé une baisse du niveau de la nappe. Par suite, une série de problèmes écologiques et environnementaux sont apparus dans les biefs inférieurs, incluant interruptions de débit, assèchement des plans d’eau associés, dégénérescence de la couverture végétale, et ainsi de suite. Devant ces problèmes, le National Water Project est entré en application en juillet 2000. Il a augmenté de façon significative le volume et la fréquence des écoulements dans les biefs inférieurs de la rivière Heihe, a rechargé la nappe et quelque peu amélioré la qualité de l’eau de la rivière. Les apports d’eau avaient une incidence évidente sur la nappe des biefs inférieurs. L’élévation du niveau de la nappe et l’amélioration de sa qualité ont été d’un grand bénéfice pour la restauration de l’environnement écologique, qui avait été détruit au cours des années passées.

Resumen

Los recursos de agua han sido sobreexplotados para irrigación y producción industrial en los sectores medio y alto del río Heihe en el noroeste de China. Debido a un inadecuado manejo de los recursos hídricos, el ingreso de escurrimiento superficial en los sectores bajos se ha visto reducido continuamente en años recientes. El río Heihe es la fuente primaria de recarga para las aguas subterráneas de los sectores bajos, de manera que la disminución en el escurrimiento superficial ha causado que los niveles de aguas subterráneas declinaran. Como resultado, una serie de problemas ecológicos y ambientales han aparecido ahora en los sectores bajos, que incluyen interrupciones del flujo del río, desecamiento de los lagos asociados, degeneración de la cubierta vegetal y otros. En vista de estos problemas, el proyecto National Water Diversion fue puesto en práctica en julio de 2000. Este proyecto ha incrementado significativamente la cantidad y frecuencia de los flujos de entrada en los sectores bajos del río Heihe, y ha recargado las aguas subterráneas y ha mejorado la calidad del agua en cierto grado a lo largo del curso del río. La provisión de agua ha tenido una influencia obvia en las aguas subterráneas en los sectores bajos. El incremento en los niveles de aguas subterráneas y la mejora de las aguas subterráneas han sido de gran beneficio para restaurar el ambiente ecológico que fue destruido en años pasados.

摘要

在中国西北黑河流域, 由于中上游的农业灌溉和工业生产需求, 水资源已经处于超采状态。加上水资源管理的不合理, 致使近年来进入下游的径流逐渐减少。黑河是下游地下水的主要补给源, 其径流量的减少造成了地下水位的下降, 致使下游地区出现了一系列生态和环境问题, 包括河水断流、湖泊干涸以及植被退化等等。鉴于这些问题, 在2000年7月, 国家输水计划开始实施。这显著增加了流入黑河下游的水量和水流频率, 并对沿河的地下水形成了补给, 且在一定程度上改善了水质。输水工程对下游的地下水有显著影响。地下水位的提高和地下水水质的改善对于修复过去几十年破坏的生态环境有很大的促进作用。

Resumo

Nos troços intermédios e superiores do Rio Heihe, no noroeste da China, os recursos hídricos têm sido sobreexplorados para irrigação agrícola e produção industrial. Devido a uma gestão inadequada dos recursos hídricos, o escoamento superficial que atinge os troços inferiores da bacia tem sido continuamente reduzido em anos recentes. O Rio Heihe é a fonte primária de recarga das águas subterrâneas dos troços inferiores da bacia, pelo que a diminuição do escoamento superficial provocou um declínio dos níveis de água subterrânea. Como resultado, uma série de problemas ecológicos e ambientais surgiram nos troços inferiores, incluindo interrupções no escoamento no rio, secagem de lagos associados, diminuição do coberto vegetal, entre outros. Face a estas situações, o Projecto Nacional de Transvase de Água (National Water Diversion Project) foi iniciado em Julho de 2000. O volume e frequência dos caudais nos troços inferiores do Rio Heihe foram significativamente aumentados, ocorrendo recarga das águas subterrâneas e, até certo ponto, melhorando a qualidade da água ao longo do curso do rio. O transvase de água exerceu uma influência óbvia na água subterrânea dos troços inferiores da bacia hidrográfica. Os níveis subiram e a melhoria da qualidade das águas subterrâneas foi um benefício considerável para a restauração do ambiente ecológico que havia sido destruído em anos anteriores.

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Acknowledgements

This research was supported by the National Natural Science Funds for Distinguished Young Scholars (40725001) and by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (40671010). The authors also appreciate the anonymous reviewers for their comments, which improved this manuscript.

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Correspondence to Haiyang Xi.

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Xi, H., Feng, Q., Si, J. et al. Impacts of river recharge on groundwater level and hydrochemistry in the lower reaches of Heihe River Watershed, northwestern China. Hydrogeol J 18, 791–801 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10040-009-0562-8

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