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Fractionating Chitin-Glucan Complex and Coproducts from Pleurotus Ostreatus Mushrooms

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Abstract

Purpose:  A large amount of wasted mushroom stems are accumulated yearly by the mushroom industry. To reduce this waste, we have proposed a fractionation method to isolate several useful coproducts using reusable solvents. Methods: Coproducts were extracted by sequential solvent extraction before producing chitin-glucan complex from Pleurotus ostreatus (oyster) mushrooms. The extracted β-glucans, polyphenols, and proteins were confirmed by 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS), Folin-Ciocalteau, and bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assays respectively. Extracted lipids were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC–MS). The chitin-glucan complex was characterized by Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), and powder X-ray diffraction (XRD). Results: The extract yield of chitin-glucan complex was 8.3%. The crystallinity index of the extracted chitin-glucan complex was 71.2% when compared to 85% for crustacean chitin. The reduced crystallinity in mushroom chitin was due to the presence of the residual β-glucans. Conclusion: The reported fractionation method uses less solvent and provides a greener alternative to producing chitin-glucan complex when compared to the conventional methods of using a large volume of harsh chemicals harmful to the environment. Further, fractionating several coproducts while producing the chitin-glucan complex will reduce the total processing cost.

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Funding

The authors would like to thank the US Department of Defense for financial support (W911NF2010281) and US Department of Agriculture (2020–08884) for supporting this work financially.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Engineering Technology, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Sugar Land, TX, 77479, USA

    Muhammad Ayser, Isabella Sanchez Hernandez, Rohana Kuriakose & Venkatesh Balan

  2. William A. Brookshire Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering, Cullen College of Engineering, University of Houston, Houston, TX, 77204, USA

    Wafa Tonny, Justin D. Smith, Samuel J. Wallaert, Alamgir Karim & Megan L. Robertson

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  1. Muhammad Ayser
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Contributions

MA: Designing and executing experiments, data collection and writing the manuscript; WT: Data curation, editing and drafting figures; ISH: Executing experiments and data collection; RK: Executing experiments and data collection; JDS: Review and editing; SJW: Review and editing; AK: Project administration, funding acquisition, review and editing; MLR: Review and editing; VB: Conceptualization, methodology, supervision, writing—review and editing.

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Ayser, M., Tonny, W., Hernandez, I.S. et al. Fractionating Chitin-Glucan Complex and Coproducts from Pleurotus Ostreatus Mushrooms. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 2897–2910 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02364-5

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