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Binder-Free Textile PAN-Based Electrodes for Aqueous and Glycerol-Based Electrochemical Supercapacitors

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Abstract

Amidst different types of energy storage systems, electrochemical supercapacitors have received considerable attention as they close the gap between electrolytic capacitors and batteries. This work addresses electric double-layer capacitors (EDLCs), a type of electrochemical supercapacitor, and has been divided into two parts. In the former, the synthesis and characterization of activated carbon fiber-felt (ACFF) electrodes, derived from textile PAN-based fiber, have been provided. In the latter, the electrochemical characterization of EDLCs in potassium hydroxide solutions (aqueous electrolytes) and in potassium hydroxide-glycerol hybrid electrolytes (glycerol-based electrolytes) have been investigated. The synthesis of ACFF electrodes via two-step oxidation, carbonization, and physical activation resulted in low-cost and binder-free electrodes containing 87% of the total volume of pores as micropores (maximum pore width of 3 nm) and a high specific surface area of 1875 m2 g−1. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy, cyclic voltammetry, and galvanostatic charge–discharge techniques were carried out in a symmetric two-electrode setup at room temperature. The results showed that ACFF electrodes are suitable for aqueous electrolytes, particularly 2 M KOH, and KOH:GLY (3:1), a glycerol-based electrolyte. Although KOH:GLY (3:1) exhibited high electrolyte resistance (34 ± 3 Ω), this hybrid green-electrolyte supports a potential window that is twice greater than that of aqueous electrolytes. In addition, glycerol, commonly called glycerin, is a by-product of FAME (fatty acid methyl ester) biodiesel, which is the major source of glycerol. Glycerol-based electrolytes are promising green electrolytes for EDLCs. Therefore, it is necessary to decrease its viscosity and resistance.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Funding

This work was supported by the Academic Excellence Program (PROEX) within the Coordination for the Improvement of Higher Education Personnel (CAPES). Textile Pan-based fiber was supplied by JMHP Carbon.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Nuclear and Energy Research Institute (IPEN), University of São Paulo (USP). Ave. Lineu Prestes, 2242 Cidade Universitária, São Paulo, SP CEP, 05508-000, Brazil

    Ingrid Ariani Belineli Barbosa, Ivana Conte Cosentino & Rubens Nunes de Faria Jr

  2. JMHP Carbon. Rua Glauber Rocha, 187 Villa Branca, Jacareí, SP CEP, 12301-600, Brazil

    Jossano Saldanha Marcuzzo

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  1. Ingrid Ariani Belineli Barbosa
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  2. Jossano Saldanha Marcuzzo
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  3. Ivana Conte Cosentino
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  4. Rubens Nunes de Faria Jr
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Ingrid Ariani Belineli Barbosa, Jossano Saldanha Marcuzzo, Ivana Conte Cosentino and Rubens Nunes de Faria Junior. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Ingrid Ariani Belineli Barbosa and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Ingrid Ariani Belineli Barbosa.

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Belineli Barbosa, I.A., Marcuzzo, J.S., Cosentino, I.C. et al. Binder-Free Textile PAN-Based Electrodes for Aqueous and Glycerol-Based Electrochemical Supercapacitors. Waste Biomass Valor 15, 1005–1018 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02208-2

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