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Strategic Planning of Biorefineries for the Use of Residual Biomass for the Benefit of Regions with Low Human Development Index

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Abstract

The scarcity of fuels, their feedstocks as well as the environmental impact and the climate change caused by them are issues that have gained strength in recent years. To deal with this situation, biomass has been incorporated as a renewable resource that gives rise to the production of high value-added products in biorefineries such as special chemicals, biofuels and electricity. In this context, the planning of a distributed scheme of biorefineries able to involve the selection of raw materials, cultivation and harvesting sites, processing routes, processing sites and the selection of the distribution of the different products to the markets is needed. Even though the economic and environmental impacts have been widely studied, the social impact has been neglected in the strategic planning of bioresource supply chains. Therefore, this work incorporates a new metric for the social impact into the optimization of supply chains for different biofuels and products. Moreover, one of the major aims of the social objective is to distribute equitably the benefits in the cultivation sites considered within the supply chain. To prove the methodology, a case study of Mexico is considered. Results show that considering economic and social benefits as objectives it is possible to obtain solutions able to benefit from 25 up to 100% of the states of the country, by presenting a slight increase in the value of their human development index.

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Data Availability

All data generated or analyzed during this study are included in this published article and its supplementary information files, however, they are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

\({\alpha }_{p,m,r}^{factor}\) :

Conversion factors to product p from m by r

\({A}_{m,h}\) :

Raw material storage in cultivation sites

C:

Markets

c :

Market

\({C}_{m,f}^{fixed alm}\) :

Fixed cost for storage of raw material m in biorefineries F ($us)

\({C}_{m,h}^{fixed alm}\) :

Fixed cost for storage of raw material m in cultivation sites H ($us)

\({C}_{p,c}^{fixed alm}\) :

Fixed cost for storage of products p in markets C ($us)

\({C}_{p,f}^{fixed alm}\) :

Fixed cost for storage of products p in biorefineries F ($us)

\({C}_{m,p,r,f,t}^{process}\) :

Processing cost of raw material m to product p through route r in biorefineries F ($us per ton)

\({C}_{m,h,t}^{produced}\) :

Cost of raw material m produced in cultivation sites H at end of period T ($us per ton)

\({C}_{p,c,t}^{product}\) :

Cost of product p in market c at end of period T ($us per ton)

\({C}_{m,h,f,t}^{transp}\) :

Transport cost of raw material m from cultivation sites H to biorefineries F ($us per ton)

\({C}_{p,f,c,t}^{transp}\) :

Transport cost of product p from biorefineries F to market C ($us per ton)

\({C}_{m,f,t}^{variable alm}\) :

Variable cost for storage of raw material in biorefineries ($us per ton)

\({C}_{m,h,t}^{variable alm}\) :

Variable cost for storage of raw material in cultivation sites ($us per ton)

\({C}_{p,c,t}^{variable alm}\) :

Variable cost for storage of products in markets ($us per ton)

\({C}_{p,f,t}^{variable alm}\) :

Variable cost for storage of products in biorefineries ($us per ton)

F:

Biorefineries

f :

Biorefinery

H:

Cultivation sites

h :

Cultivation site

HDI:

Human development index

M:

Raw materials

m :

Raw material

\({M}_{m,h,t}^{max}\) :

Maximum raw material produced in cultivation site h at end of period t

\({M}_{m,f}^{Max alm}\) :

Maximum storage of raw material m in biorefineries f (ton per year)

\({M}_{m,h}^{\mathrm{Max}alm}\) :

Maximum storage of raw material m in cultivation site h (ton per year)

\({M}_{m,p,r,f}^{max used}\) :

Maximum processing of raw material m to product p through route r in biorefineries f (ton per year)

\({M}_{m,f}^{Min alm}\) :

Minimum storage of raw material m in biorefineries f (ton per year)

\({M}_{m,h}^{\mathrm{Min}alm}\) :

Minimum storage of raw material m in cultivation sites h (ton per year)

\({M}_{m,p,r,f}^{min used}\) :

Minimum processing of raw material m to product p through route r in biorefineries f (ton per year)

P:

Products

p :

Product

\({P}_{p,c}^{Max alm}\) :

Maximum storage of product p in market c (ton per year)

\({P}_{p,f}^{Max alm}\) :

Maximum storage of product p in biorefineries f (ton per year)

\({P}_{p,c,t}^{Max demand}\) :

Maximum demand of product p in market c at end of period t (ton per year

\({P}_{p,c}^{Min alm}\) :

Minimum storage of product p in market c (ton per year)

\({P}_{p,f}^{Min alm}\) :

Minimum storage of product p in biorefineries f (ton per year)

R:

Bioprocesses

r :

Bioprocess

T:

Periods of times

t :

Period

\({U}_{m,h,f}^{\mathrm{max}transp}\) :

Maximum transport of raw material m from home h to biorefineries f (ton per year)

\({U}_{p,f,c}^{\mathrm{max}transp}\) :

Maximum transport of product p from biorefineries f to market c (ton per year)

\({U}_{m,h,f}^{\mathrm{min}transp}\) :

Minimum transport of raw material m from cultivation sites h to biorefineries f (ton per year)

\({U}_{p,f,c}^{\mathrm{min}transp}\) :

Minimum transport of product p from biorefineries f to market c (ton per year)

\({V}_{m,f,t}^{price}\) :

Determine the price to sell raw material m to processing plants f

\({C}_{m,f}^{total alm}\) :

Total cost of storage of raw material m in biorefineries f

\({C}_{m,h}^{total alm}\) :

Total cost of storage of raw material m in cultivation sites h

\({C}_{p,c}^{total alm}\) :

Total cost of storage of product p in market c

\({C}_{p,f}^{total alm}\) :

Total cost of storage of product p in biorefineries f

\({M}_{m,f,t}^{alm}\) :

Stored raw material m in biorefineries f at end of period t

\({M}_{m,h,t}^{alm}\) :

Stored raw material m in cultivation sites h at end of period t

\({M}_{m,f}^{inicial alm}\) :

Initial raw material m storage in biorefineries f

\({M}_{m,h}^{inicial alm}\) :

Initial raw material m storage in cultivation sites h

\({M}_{m,h,f,t}^{in distr}\) :

Distributed raw material m from cultivation sites h to biorefineries f (in)

\({M}_{m,h,t}^{produced}\) :

Production of raw material m in cultivation sites h at end of period t

\({M}_{m,h,f,t}^{out distr}\) :

Distributed raw material m from cultivation sites h to biorefineries f (out)

\({M}_{m,p,r,f,t}^{out process}\) :

Raw material m from biorefineries f to processing route r (out)

\({P}_{p,c,t}^{alm}\) :

Stored product p in market c at end of period t

\({P}_{p,f,t}^{alm}\) :

Stored product p in biorefineries f at end of period t

\({P}_{p,f,c,t}^{in distr}\) :

Distributed product p from biorefineries f to market c (in)

\({P}_{m,p,r,f,t}^{in produced}\) :

Produced product p from processing route r to biorefineries f (in)

\({P}_{p,c}^{inicial alm}\) :

Initial product p storage in markets c

\({P}_{p,f}^{inicial alm}\) :

Initial product p storage in biorefineries f

\({P}_{p,f,c,t}^{out distr}\) :

Distributed product p from biorefineries f to market c (out)

\({V}_{p,c,t}^{out sale}\) :

Sold product p sale in market c (out)

\({y}_{m,h}^{existence}\) :

Define the existence of a cultivation site h

\({y}_{m,f}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of raw material m in biorefineries f

\({y}_{m,h}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of raw material m in cultivation sites h

\({y}_{p,c}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of product p in market c

\({y}_{p,f}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of product p in biorefineries f

\({y}_{m,f,0}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of raw material m in biorefineries f at time zero

\({y}_{m,h,0}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of raw material m in cultivation sites h at time zero

\({y}_{p,c,0}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of product p in market c at time zero

\({y}_{p,f,0}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of product p in biorefineries f at time zero

\({y}_{m,f,t}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of raw material m in biorefineries f at time t

\({y}_{m,h,t}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of raw material m in cultivation sites h at time t

\({y}_{p,c,t}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of product p in market c at time t

\({y}_{p,f,t}^{Necessary alm}\) :

Define if it is necessary the storage of product p in biorefineries f at time t

\({y}_{m,h,f,t}^{Necessary trans}\) :

Define if it is necessary the transport of raw material m from cultivation sites h to biorefineries f

\({y}_{p,f,c,t}^{Necessary trans}\) :

Define if it is necessary the transport of product p from biorefineries f to market c

\({y}_{m,p,r,f,t}^{Necessary process}\) :

Define if it is necessary the processing in biorefineries f

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Acknowledgements

The authors want to thank CONACYT and CIC-UMSNH for the financial support provided.

Funding

This study as well as the research leading to these results was funded and supported by CONACYT and CIC-UMSNH.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chemical Engineering Department, Universidad Michoacana de San Nicolas de Hidalgo, Francisco J. Mujica S/N, Ciudad Universitaria, 58060, Morelia, Michoacán, Mexico

    Juan Carlos Pulido-Ocegueda & Jose Maria Ponce-Ortega

  2. School of Engineering and Science, Tecnologico de Monterrey, Av. Eugenio Garza Sada 2501, 64849, Monterrey, Mexico

    José Ezequiel Santibañez-Aguilar

Authors
  1. Juan Carlos Pulido-Ocegueda
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study’s conception and design. Material preparation, data collection and analysis were performed by Juan Carlos Pulido-Ocegueda, José Ezequiel Santibañez-Aguilar and José María Ponce-Ortega. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Juan Carlos Pulido-Ocegueda and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Jose Maria Ponce-Ortega.

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Pulido-Ocegueda, J.C., Santibañez-Aguilar, J.E. & Ponce-Ortega, J.M. Strategic Planning of Biorefineries for the Use of Residual Biomass for the Benefit of Regions with Low Human Development Index. Waste Biomass Valor 14, 2825–2841 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-023-02069-9

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