Abstract
This work focuses on a way to integrate the social, environmental and economic aspects (socio-eco-efficient aspects) together in the decisions concerning the sustainable process synthesis of a lignocellulosic (Agave bagasse) biorefinery. This challenge is addressed by the formulation and solution of a multiobjective optimization model of a process superstructure for the lignocellulosic biomass conversion into biofuels and products, where social (human toxicity potential), economic (cost), environmental (environmental impact) and socioeconomic (product demand) criteria are included in the formulation of the objective function. The optimization resulted model is a MINLP (Mixed Integer Non-Linear Programing) problem. To solve this problem, a process synthesis methodology is proposed, which includes the epsilon constraint (ε-constraint) method, the use of the GAMS software and a benchmarking using Aspen Plus process simulator to include the energy balance of the different processes. As results, four feasible configurations of biorefineries were obtained, including the best configuration selected after the benchmarking using energy requirements, reduced use of energy after integration and water used as indicators. With the approach proposed in this paper, it was possible to evaluate in a short time a vast number of options included in the superstructure, as well as to select the best option that fulfills the three aspects of sustainability.
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Abbreviations
- \({\text{Fobj}}\) :
-
Objective function
- \(F_{v,j}^{\text{in}}\) :
-
Input substrate flowrate to \(v_{j}\) (kg/day)
- \(F_{v,j}^{\text{out}}\) :
-
Output product flowrate from \(v_{j}\) (kg/day) \(R_{v,j}\)
- \(v_{j}\) :
-
Logic variable of decision, related to a specific processing unit
- \(W_{v,j}\) :
-
Output waste flowrate in \(v_{j}\) (kg/day)
- \({\mathcal{F}}_{v,j}^{k}\) :
-
Output flowrate of intermediate k in \(v_{j}\) (kg/day)
- \(v_{j}\) :
-
Logical decision variable (related to a specific processing unit)
- \(r_{vj}^{k}\) :
-
Yield of product k in the process \(v_{j}\)
- \(\varepsilon_{i}\) :
-
Epsilon restriction
- \({\text{COS}}\) :
-
Cost of total process resources ($)
- \({\text{Cb}}\) :
-
Biomas cost per mass unit ($/kg)
- \(C_{v,j}^{R}\) :
-
Cost of resource of process \(v_{j}\) ($)
- \(x_{v,j}^{R}\) :
-
Mass composition of resource R in process \(v_{j}\)
- \({\text{IMP}}\) :
-
Environmental impact generation
- \(x_{t,j}\) :
-
Mass composition of toxic chemical in \(v_{j}\)
- \(T_{t}\) :
-
Degree of toxicity of chemical t
- \(P_{q}\) :
-
Flowrate of product q (kg/day)
- \(x_{q}^{T}\) :
-
Mass composition of toxic product
- \(T_{q}\) :
-
Degree of toxicity of product q
- \(\rho_{q}\) :
-
Relative demand in the market of product q
- \({\text{TOX}}\) :
-
Toxic global flow
- \({\text{DEM}}\) :
-
Total demand in the market
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The authors would like to acknowledge to the Mexican National Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT).
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Álvarez del Castillo-Romo, A., Morales-Rodriguez, R. & Román-Martínez, A. Multiobjective optimization for the socio-eco-efficient conversion of lignocellulosic biomass to biofuels and bioproducts. Clean Techn Environ Policy 20, 603–620 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-1490-x
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10098-018-1490-x