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Pilot-Scale Integrated Membrane System for the Separation and Concentration of Compounds of Industrial Interest from Tortilla Industry Wastewater (Nejayote)

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Abstract

Purpose

Evaluation of the performance of a pilot-scale membrane system to separate and concentrate arabinoxylans, hydroxycinnamic acids and fermentable sugars from nejayote.

Methods

Total suspended solids (TSS) from nejayote were removed by a novel enzymatic process to avoid UF-membrane fouling (Asaff and Reyes 2015; modified to pilot-scale). The free-TSS nejayote was submitted to ultrafiltration and diafiltration processes (5 kDa MWCO polyethersulfone membrane) to separate and concentrate arabinoxylans. Reverse osmosis (cross-linked polyamide membrane) was performed to concentrate hydroxycinnamic acids and fermentable sugars (MW < 5 kDa) from ultrafiltration permeates.

Results

TSS remotion was highly efficient (final content < 15 ppm). The ultrafiltration permeate flux showed a linear decrease as the °Brix and volume reduction factor (VRF) increased (1.0–2.4). Furthermore, the ultrafiltration membrane, showed the highest rejection (72%) for long-chain arabinoxylans compared to hydroxycinnamic acids and sugars, therefore, their concentration (33.32 g/L) in the retentate was 1.8-fold higher than in the feed. Moreover, arabinoxylans were further purified to 83.2% diafiltering the retentate.

In contrast, the reverse osmosis permeate flux decreased exponentially as the °Brix and VRF increased, indicating a fouling phenomenon possibly due to molecular interactions of hydroxycinnamic acids, sugars, and their oligomers with the membrane surface. In this way, their concentrations in the retentate were almost 2-fold higher than in the feed.

Conclusion

The performance of the pilot-scale integrated membrane system showed that it is a technically feasible method to separate and concentrate compounds of industrial interest from nejayote despite the limitations related primarily to membrane fouling and adsorption of hydroxycinnamic acids.

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Data Availability

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Acknowledgements

V. Contreras-Jácquez is thankful for the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT) scholarship awarded and the helpful assistance from Dr. Waldo M. Argüelles-Monal and MSc. Luisa L. Silva-Gutiérrez.

Funding

This work was financially supported by the Mexican Council of Science and Technology (CONACyT), Grant No. 2017–01-6267.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo, A.C. (Coordinación de Ciencia de los Alimentos), Carretera Gustavo Enrique Astiazarán Rosas 46, La Victoria, CP 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, México

    Victor Contreras-Jácquez, Martín E. Jara-Marini & Ali Asaff-Torres

  2. Centro de Investigación y Asistencia en Tecnología Y Diseño del Estado de Jalisco, A.C. (Unidad de Biotecnología Industrial), Camino el Arenero 1227, El Bajío del Arenal, CP 45019, Zapopan, Jalisco, México

    Uri Valenzuela-Vázquez, Daniel A. Grajales-Hernández, Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz & Melchor Arrellano-Plaza

  3. Heterogeneous Biocatalysis Laboratory, Center for Cooperative Research in Biomaterials (CIC biomaGUNE), Basque Research and Technology Alliance (BRTA), Paseo de Miramon 182, 20014, Donostia San Sebastián, Spain

    Daniel A. Grajales-Hernández

Authors
  1. Victor Contreras-Jácquez
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  2. Uri Valenzuela-Vázquez
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  3. Daniel A. Grajales-Hernández
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  4. Juan Carlos Mateos-Díaz
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  5. Melchor Arrellano-Plaza
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  6. Martín E. Jara-Marini
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  7. Ali Asaff-Torres
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Contributions

All authors contributed to the study conception and design. Material preparation, data collection, and analysis were performed by VC-J and AA-T. The first draft of the manuscript was written by VC-J, and all authors commented on previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Ali Asaff-Torres.

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Contreras-Jácquez, V., Valenzuela-Vázquez, U., Grajales-Hernández, D.A. et al. Pilot-Scale Integrated Membrane System for the Separation and Concentration of Compounds of Industrial Interest from Tortilla Industry Wastewater (Nejayote). Waste Biomass Valor 13, 345–360 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01530-x

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