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Structural Characterization of Mixed Rice Straw and Deoiled Algal Cake-Based Substrate as a Potential Bioenergy Feedstock for Microbial Lipids and Carotenoid Production

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Abstract

Open-field burning of rice straw contributes significantly to deterioration of air quality. Similarly, defatted algal residue is a surplus by-product of the algal biofuel industry. This study emphasizes on the two-step conversion of agro-industrial residues (rice straw and Scenedesmus obliquus deoiled biomass) into biodiesel and carotenoids using oleaginous red yeast Rhodotorula mucilaginosa R2. The effect of biological pretreatment on degradation of lignocellulosic substrates followed by catalytic saccharification was evaluated using suitable analytical techniques. Mixed biomass favoured the growth and secretion of extracellular cellulose degrading enzymes by Penicillium citrinum PKB20 resulting in the highest specific activity of endoglucanase (83.02 IU/mg), xylanase (103 IU/mg) and β-glucosidase (13.8 IU/mg) under solid-state fermentation. The hydrolysis of pre-treated substrate was achieved with a saccharification yield of 41.41 %. Batch fermentation of detoxified hydrolysate amended with synthetic yeast propagation or lipid production media (YEPD or C/N 75) resulted in maximum lipid content and lipid yield of 30.43 % and 1.19 g/L respectively. GC analysis revealed that oleic acid (29.4-50.39 %) was the predominant fatty acid. The crude carotenoid extract was composed of torularhodin, torulene and β-carotene and exhibited strong antioxidant activity.

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The data that support the findings of this study are available in published literature. These data were derived from the following resources available in the public domain: Google Scholar, Science Direct, PubMed, Web of Science, Scopus, and so forth.

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Acknowledgements

The authors wish to thank Dr. Tuhin Ghosh for help in TGA. They also thank SAIC-Tezpur University and IIT-Guwahati for assisting in performing analyses.

Funding

The Authors MM and VVG acknowledges Sunrise Project (Ref: NECBH/2019-20/197) under North East Centre for Biological Sciences and Healthcare Engineering (NECBH) Twinning Outreach Programme hosted by Indian Institute of Technology Guwahati (IITG), Guwahati, Assam funded by Department of Biotechnology (DBT), Ministry of Science and Technology, Govt. of India with number BT/COE/34/SP28408/2018 for providing necessary financial support. The author PB expresses gratitude to DBT for providing fellowship through DBT-JRF (DBT/JRF/BET-16/ I/20 l6/AL/110–501 dated June 29, 2016).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, Tezpur University, 784028, Tezpur, India

    Pritam Bardhan, Khalifa S.H. Eldiehy & Manabendra Mandal

  2. Faculty of Science, Department of Botany and Microbiology, Al-Azhar University, Assiut Branch, 71524, Cairo, Egypt

    Khalifa S.H. Eldiehy

  3. Biomass Conversion Laboratory, Department of Energy, Tezpur University, 784028, Napaam, Assam, India

    Niran Daimary, Minakshi Gohain & Dhanapati Deka

  4. Department of Chemical Engineering, Indian Institute of Technology, Assam, 781039, Guwahati, India

    Vaibhav V. Goud

Authors
  1. Pritam Bardhan
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  2. Khalifa S.H. Eldiehy
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  3. Niran Daimary
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  4. Minakshi Gohain
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  5. Vaibhav V. Goud
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  6. Dhanapati Deka
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  7. Manabendra Mandal
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Contributions

PB: Conceptualization, Data curation, Investigation, Methodology, and Writing - original draft, KSHE: Methodology, Writing - review & editing, ND: Methodology, Writing - review & editing, MG: Writing - review & editing, VVG: Methodology, Supervision, Writing - review & editing, DD: Supervision, MM: Funding acquisition, Project administration, Supervision, review& editing.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Manabendra Mandal.

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Bardhan, P., Eldiehy, K.S., Daimary, N. et al. Structural Characterization of Mixed Rice Straw and Deoiled Algal Cake-Based Substrate as a Potential Bioenergy Feedstock for Microbial Lipids and Carotenoid Production. Waste Biomass Valor 13, 195–212 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01512-z

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-021-01512-z

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