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Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of Wastes from Pecan Nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wagenh) K. Koch]

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Abstract

This study was carried out to determine the antioxidant, antiproliferative, and antimicrobial activities of shell and husk extracts from two pecan nut cultivars (Wichita and Western). The methanolic extracts by mass spectrometry (MS/MS) were analyzed. The antioxidant activity by ABTS and DPPH methods was evaluated. Antiproliferative activity was evaluated against cervical (HeLa), lung (A549), prostate (PC-3), colon (LS180), cancer cell lines and normal retinal cell (ARPE-19) by MTT assay. Antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli by disk diffusion and macrodilution was tested. The results indicated that the phenolic compounds content and antioxidant capacity in nutshell was greater than in husk. Also, an antiproliferative effect of the nutshell extracts from both cultivars in the HeLa gynecological cell line was found. Furthermore, nutshell extracts of both varieties showed antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus. The agroindustrial waste of pecan nutshell to obtain bioactive compounds could be used.

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Abbreviations

ABTS:

2,2-Azino-bis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)

ARPE-19:

Human retinal pigment epithelial cell line

ATCC:

American type culture collection

A549:

Human alveolar epithelial cell line

BCL-2:

Apoptosis regulator [Homo sapiens (Human)]

BIRC5:

Gen baculoviral inhibitor of apoptosis repeat-containing 5

CaCo-2:

Human epithelial colorectal adenocarcinoma cells

CE:

Catechin equivalent

CFU:

Colony-forming unit

DMEM:

Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium

DMSO:

Dimethyl sulphoxide

DPPH:

2,2-Diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl

ELISA:

Enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay

FBS:

Fetal bovine serum

GAE:

Gallic acid equivalent

HeLa:

Cervical cell line

HepG2:

Human liver cancer cell line

HHDP:

Hexahydroxydiphenoyl

HTB4:

Bladder cancer cell line

IC50 :

Concentration of a substrate needed to reduce 50 percent of the cell population

LS180:

Intestinal human colon adenocarcinoma cell line

LLC-PKI:

Kidney epithelial cells

MBC:

Minimum bactericidal concentration

MIC:

Minimum inhibitory concentration

MS:

Mass spectrometry

MTT:

Colorimetric assay for assessing cell metabolic activity by reduction of 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide

NF-κB:

Nuclear factor kappa-light-chain-enhancer of activated B cells

PC-3:

Human prostate cancer cell line

UV–Vis:

Ultraviolet–Visible spectral region

We:

Nut Western

Wi:

Nut Wichita

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Acknowledgements

The authors to thank Grupo Alta S.A. de C.V. (www.grupoalta.com) for providing the pecan nut, Consejo Nacional de Ciencia y Tecnologia of Mexico for the fellowship for the first author. Authors also to thank Ph.D. Kristin Whitney, who provided help with language.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Departamento de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, CP 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    Ramón A. Flores-Estrada, Nohemí Gámez-Meza, Luis A. Medina-Juárez & Claudia C. Molina-Domínguez

  2. Departamento de Ciencias Químico Biológicas, Universidad de Sonora, Rosales y Blvd. Luis Encinas, CP 83000, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    Lucía G. Castillón-Campaña & Luisa A. Rascón-Valenzuela

  3. Ciencia de los Alimentos, Centro de Investigación en Alimentación y Desarrollo AC, 83304, Hermosillo, Sonora, Mexico

    Alfonso García-Galaz

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  1. Ramón A. Flores-Estrada
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Flores-Estrada, R.A., Gámez-Meza, N., Medina-Juárez, L.A. et al. Chemical Composition, Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Antiproliferative Activities of Wastes from Pecan Nut [Carya illinoinensis (Wagenh) K. Koch]. Waste Biomass Valor 11, 3419–3432 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-019-00681-2

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