Abstract
To study its catalytic effect, nickel were inserted intentionally by impregnation into the biomass. In this context, the influence of the Ni amount in the solution during wood impregnation has been analyzed in terms not only of catalytic activity and samples compositions but also on the wood structure. Willow was impregnated with different concentrations of nickel nitrate solutions and then characterized with thermogravimetric and elementary analyses. Using thermodynamic calculation, the speciation of Ni and the pH variation in the impregnation solution was predicted. It was found that the stable aqueous form of Ni were Ni2+ and NiNO3 +. It was also found that wood impregnation in high-concentrated solutions (more than 0.5 wt%), modified the wood structure and complicated the understanding of its behavior during thermal treatment. The amount of Ni which shows a maximum efficiency during char gasification is 1.6 wt% in the wood sample. This amount corresponds to a sample prepared with a 0.5 wt% of Ni in the impregnation solution. However, to keep the wood structure during the impregnation step, it is recommended to impregnate the wood with lower amount of Ni, around 0.1 wt%. During gasification tests, Ni has shown a catalytic performance between 450 and 600 °C where the rate of char gasification was increasing. This result was confirmed with an increase in the syngas production. The presence of nickel has also generated a decrease in the char gasification temperature by 100 °C.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
McKendry, P.: Energy production from biomass (part 3): gasification technologies. Bioresour. Technol. 83(1), 55–63 (2002)
Syc, M., Pohorely, M., Jeremias, M., Vosecky, M., Kameníkova, P., Skoblia, S., Svoboda, K., Pun, M.: Behavior of heavy metals in steam fluidized bed gasification of contaminated biomass. Energy Fuels 25(5), pp. 2284–2291 (2011)
Nzihou, A., Brian, S.: The fate of heavy metals during combustion and gasification of contaminated biomass-a brief review. J. Hazard. Mater. 256–257, 56–66 (2013)
Gupta, A. K., Sinha, S.: Phytoextraction capacity of the plants growing on tannery sludge dumping sites. Bioresour. Technol. 98(9), 1788–1794 (2007)
Lievens, C., Carleer, R., Cornelissen, T., Yperman, J.: Fast pyrolysis of heavy metal contaminated willow: influence of the plant part. Fuel. 88(8), 1417–1425 (2009)
Zhang, X., Laubie, B., Houzelot, V., Plasari, E.: Increasing purity of ammonium nickel sulfate hexahydrate and production sustainability in a nickel phytomining process. Chem. Eng. Res. Des. 106, 26–32 (2015)
Eibner, S., Blin, J., Julbe, A.: Pyrolysis Catalytic effect of metal nitrate salts during pyrolysis of impregnated biomass. J. Anal. Appl. 113, 143–152 (2015)
Bru, K., Blin, J., Julbe, A., Volle, G.: Pyrolysis of metal impregnated biomass: an innovative catalytic way to produce gas fuel. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 78, 291–300 (2007)
Gallagher, J. T., Harker, H.: Reaction of carbon with oxidizing gases: catalysis by compounds of iron, cobalt and nickel. Carbon N. Y. 2, 163–173 (1964)
Figueiredo, J. L., Rivera-Utrilla, J., Ferro-Garcia, M. A.: Gasification of active carbons of different texture impregnated with nickel, cobalt and iron. Carbon N. Y. 25(5), 703–708 (1987)
Richardson, Y., Blin, J., Julbe, A.: A short overview on purification and conditioning of syngas produced by biomass gasification: catalytic strategies, process intensification and new concepts. Prog. Energy Combust. Sci. 38, 765–781 (2012)
H. J. Park, S. H. Park, J. M. Sohn, J. Park, J. K. Jeon, S. S. Kim, and Y. K. Park, Steam reforming of biomass gasification tar using benzene as a model compound over various Ni supported metal oxide catalysts Bioresour. Technol. 101 (1 SUPPL), pp. S101–S103, (2010)
Blanco, P. H., Wu, C., Onwudili, J. A., Dupont, V., Williams, P. T.: Catalytic pyrolysis/gasification of refuse derived fuel for hydrogen production and tar reduction: influence of nickel to citric acid ratio using Ni/SiO2 catalysts. Waste Biomass Valor. 5(4), 625–636 (2014)
Blanco, P. H., Wu, C., Onwudili, J. A., Williams, P. T.: Characterization of tar from the pyrolysis/gasification of refuse derived fuel: influence of process parameters and catalysis. Energy Fuels. 26(4), 2107–2115 (2012)
Richardson, Y., Blin, J., Volle, G., Motuzas, J., Julbe, A.: General in situ generation of Ni metal nanoparticles as catalyst for H2 -rich syngas production from biomass gasification. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 382(2), 220–230 (2010)
Guizani, C., Escudero Sanz, F. J., Salvador, S.: The nature of the deposited carbon at methane cracking over a nickel loaded wood-char. Comptes Rendus Chim. 19(4), 423–432 (2016)
D. L. Parkhurst and C. A. J. Appelo, “Description of Input and Examples for PHREEQC Version 3 — A Computer Program for Speciation, Batch-Reaction, One-Dimensional Transport, and Inverse Geochemical Calculations. U.S. Geological Survey Techniques and Methods, book 6, chapter A43, 497 p. ,” U.S. Geol. Surv. Tech. Methods, B. 6, chapter A43, pp. 6–43 A, (2013)
Degroot, W. F., Shafizadeh, F.: The influence of exchangeable cations on the carbonization of biomass. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 6, 217–232 (1984)
Sakai, K., Matsunaga, M., Minato, K., Nakatsubo, F.: Effects of impregnation of simple phenolic and natural polycyclic compounds on physical properties of wood. J. wood Sci. 45(3), 227–232 (1999)
I. Villaescusa, N. Fiol, M. Martinez, N. Miralles, J. Poch, and J. Serarols, Removal of copper and nickel ions from aqueous solutions by grape stalks wastes. Water Res vol. 38, pp. 992–1002 (2004)
Dobele, G., Dizhbite, T., Rossinskaja, G., Telysheva, G., Meier, D., Radtke, S., Faix, O.: Pre-treatment of biomass with phosphoric acid prior to fast pyrolysis: a promising method for obtaining 1,6-anhydrosaccharides in high yields. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 68–69, 197–211 (2003)
Domazetis, G., Liesegang, J., James, B. D.: Studies of inorganics added to low-rank coals for catalytic gasification. Fuel Process. Technol. 86(5), 463–486 (2005)
Grønli, M. G., Várhegyi, G., Di Blasi, C.: Thermogravimetric analysis and devolatilization kinetics of wood. Ind. Eng. Chem. Res. 41(17), 4201–4208 (2002)
Slopiecka, K., Bartocci, P., Fantozzi, F.: Thermogravimetric analysis and kinetic study of poplar wood pyrolysis. Appl. Energy. 97, 491–497 (2012)
Collard, F. X., Blin, J., Bensakhria, A., Valette, J.: Influence of impregnated metal on the pyrolysis conversion of biomass constituents. J. Anal. Appl. Pyrolysis. 95, 213–226 (2012)
Devi, T. G., Kannan, M. P.: Nickel catalyzed air gasification of cellulosic chars s jump in reactivity. Energy Fuels. vol. 16, 583–590 (2001)
Sharma, K., Vastola, F. J. and Walker, P. L.: Reduction of nickel oxide by carbon: II. Interaction between nickel oxide and natural graphite. Carbon N. Y. 35(4), 529–533 (1997)
Richardson, J. T., Scates, R., Twigg, M. V.: X-ray diffraction study of nickel oxide reduction by hydrogen. Appl. Catal. A Gen. 246(1), 137–150 (2003)
Mahar, A., Wang, P., Ali, A., Kumar, M., Hussain, A., Wang, Q., Li, R., Zhang, Z.: Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Challenges and opportunities in the phytoremediation of heavy metals contaminated soils: a review. Ecotoxicol. Environ. Saf. 126, 111–121 (2016)
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge Dr. Denilson da Silva Perez and ‘pépinières-Naudet’ for providing willow wood.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Said, M., Cassayre, L., Dirion, JL. et al. Effect of Nickel Impregnation on Wood Gasification Mechanism. Waste Biomass Valor 8, 2843–2852 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9911-3
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-017-9911-3