Abstract
Essential oils from Pinus pinaster sawdust waste was extracted using different technologies including conventional hyrodistillation method (HD) and some intensified technologies namely turbo-hydrodistillation (THD), ultrasound assisted extraction HD (UAE-HD) and two microwave techniques; microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity (MHG) and solvent-free microwave extraction (SFME). The essential oils were qualified and quantified using chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry analysis. The analysis of the oil has resulted in the identification of 45 components; α-terpineol and β-caryophyllene were the main components. The antioxidant activity was assessed by diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging activity and ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assays. The highest radical-scavenging activity was obtained for the two microwave techniques with IC50 value about 15 μg/ml, followed by the other techniques for which IC50 ranged between 59.8 and 123 μg/ml. For FRAP assay, the same classification was obtained with the highest values of 0.598 and 0.591 μg/ml for respectively microwave extractions (MHG and SFME) and 0.307, 0.322 and 0.401 μg/ml respectively for HD, THD and UAE-HD. DPPH and FRAP assays were found to be highly correlated. The total phenolic compounds (TPC) were more present in microwave extracts (78.5 and 74.6 GAE/g extract) respectively for MHG and SFME) compared to other technique for which the values ranger between 54.1 and 56.6 GAE/g extract. TPC were correlated with DPPH and FRAP (R2 > 0.95; p < 0.01) indicating that the total phenols are highly contributes to the antioxydant activity.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Imelouane, B., Amhamdi, H., Wathelet, J.P., Ankit, M., Khedid, K., El Bachiri, A.: Chemical composition and antimicrobial activity of essential oil of thyme (Thymus vulgaris) from eastern morocco. Int. J. Agric. Biol. 11, 205–208 (2009)
Pistelli, L., Mancianti, F., Bertoli, A., Cioni, P.L., Leonardi, M., Pisseri, F., Mugnaini, L., Nardoni, S.: Antimycotic activity of some aromatic plants essential oils against canine isolates of Malassezia pachydermatis: an in vitro assay. Open Mycol. J. 6, 17–21 (2012)
Maimoona, A., Naeem, I., Saddiqe, Z., Jameel, K.: A review on biological, nutraceutical and clinical aspects of French maritime pine bark extract. J. Ethnopharmacol. 133, 261–277 (2011)
Ozkan, A., Erdogan, A.: A comparative evaluation of antioxidant and anticancer activity of essential oil from Origanum onites (Lamiaceae) and its two major phenolic components. Turk. J. Biol. 35, 735–742 (2011)
Hossain, M.A., Shah, M.D.. A study on the total phenols content and antioxidant activity of essential oil and different solvent extracts of endemic plant Merremia borneensis. Arab. J Chem. (in Press). doi:10.1016/j.arabjc.2011.01.007
Dorman, H.J.D., Surai, P., Deans, S.G.: In vitro antioxidant activity of a number of plant essential oils and phytoconstituents. J. Essent. Oil Res. 12, 241–248 (2000)
Chen, X.N., Fan, J.F., Yue, X., Wu, X.R., Li, L.T.: Radical scavenging activity and phenolic compounds in persimmon (Diospyros kaki L. cv. Mopan). J. Food Sci. 73, 24–28 (2008)
Vázquez, G., Freire, M.S., Santos, J., Antorrena, G., González-Álvarez, J.: Optimisation of polyphenols extraction from chestnut shell by response surface methodology. Waste Biomass Valor. 1, 219–225 (2010)
Losso, J.N., Shahidi, F., Bagchi, D.: Anti-Angiogenic Functional and Medicinal Foods. Taylor & Francis, Boca Raton, FL (2007)
Sarikurkcu, C., Tepe, B., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Harmandar, M.: Studies on the antioxidant activity of the essential oil and methanol extract of Marrubium globosum subsp. Globusum (lamiaceae) by three chemical assays. Bioresour. Technol. 99, 4239–4246 (2007)
Li, H.B., Wong, C.C., Cheng, K.W., Chen, F.: Antioxidant properties in vitro and total phenolic contents in methanol extracts from medicinal plants. LWT-Food Sci. Technol. 41, 385–390 (2008)
Tepe, B., Sokmen, M., Akpulat, H.A., Daferera, D., Polissiou, M., Sokmen, A.: Antioxidative activity of the essential oils of Thymus sipyleus subsp. sipyleus var. sipyleus and Thymus sipyleus subsp. Sipyleus var. rosulans. J. Food Eng. 66, 447–454 (2005)
Donelian, A., Carlson, L.H.C., Lopes, T.J., Machado, R.A.F.: Comparison of extraction of patchouli (Pogostemon cablin) essential oil with supercritical CO2 and by steam distillation. J. Supercrit. Fluid 48, 15–20 (2009)
Ma, C.-H., Yang, L., Zu, Y.-G.: Liu, T-T. Optimization of conditions of solvent-free microwave extraction and study on antioxidant capacity of essential oil from Schisandra chinensis (Turcz.) Baill. Food Chem. 134, 2532–2539 (2012)
Suanarunsawat, T., Na Ayutthaya, W.D., Songsak, T., Thirawarapan, S., Poungshompoo, S.: Antioxidant activity and lipid-lowering effect of essential oils extracted from ocimum sanctum L. leaves in rats fed with a high cholesterol diet. J. Clin. Biochem. Nutr. 46, 52–59 (2010)
Zhang, X., Gao, H., Zhang, L., Liu, D., Ye, X.: Extraction of essential oil from discarded tobacco leaves by solvent extraction and steam distillation, and identification of its chemical composition. Ind. Crop. Prod. 39, 162–169 (2012)
Li, X.M., Tian, S.L., Pang, Z.C., Shi, J.Y., Feng, Z.S., Zhang, Y.M.: Extraction of Cuminum cyminum essential oil by combination technology of organic solvent with low boiling point and steam distillation. Food Chem. 115, 1114–1119 (2009)
Périno-Issartier, S., Zill-e-Huma, Abert-Vian, M., Chemat, F.: Solvent free microwave-assisted extraction of antioxidants from sea buckthorn (Hippophae rhamnoides) food by-products. Food Bioprocess Tech. 4, 1020–1028 (2011)
Tigrine-Tordjani, N., Meklati, B.Y., Chemat, F., Guezil, F.Z.: Kinetic investigation of rosemary essential oil by two methods: solvent-free microwave extraction and hydrodistillation. Food Anal. Method 5, 596–603 (2012)
Chen, Z.L., Chao, J.P., Cao, H.L., Bi, W.T., Cui, H.Y., Li, M.L.: Research on the extraction of plant volatile oils. Procedia Environ. Sci. 8, 426–432 (2011)
Mhemdi, H., Rodier, E., Kechaou, N., Fages, J.: A supercritical tuneable process for the selective extraction of fats and essential oil from coriander seeds. J. Food Eng. 105, 609–616 (2011)
Fornari, T., Vicente, G., Vázquez, E., García-Risco, M.R., Reglero, G.: Isolation of essential oil from different plants and herbs by supercritical fluid extraction. J. Chromatogr. A 1250, 34–48 (2012)
Rezzoug, S.A., Louka, N.: Thermomechanical process intensification for oil isolation from orange peel. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. 10, 530–536 (2009)
Mellouk, H., Khezami, L., Rezzoug, S.A., Capart, R.: Total Valorisation of red cedar sawmills wastes by instantaneous controlled pressure drop process. Isolation of extractives and production of activated carbon from the solid residue. Bioresources 3, 1156–1172 (2008)
Pingret, D., Fabiano-Tixier, A.-S., Bourvellec, C.L., Renard, C.M.G.C., Chemat, F.: Lab and pilot-scale ultrasound-assisted water extraction of polyphenols from apple pomace. J. Food Eng. 111, 73–81 (2012)
Shirsatha, S.R., Sonawanea, S.H., Gogate, P.R.: Intensification of extraction of natural products using ultrasonic irradiations—a review of current status. Chem. Eng. Process. 53, 10–23 (2012)
Chemat, F., Zill-E-Huma, Khan, M.K.: Applications of ultrasound in food technology: processing, preservation and extraction. Ultrason. Sonochem. 18, 813–835 (2011)
Ma, C.H., Liu, T.T., Yang, L., Zu, Y.G., Chen, X., Zhang, L., Zhang, Y., Zhao, C.: Ionic liquid-based microwave-assisted extraction of essential oil and biphenyl cyclooctene lignans from Schisandra chinensis Baill fruits. J. Chromatogr. A 1218, 8573–8580 (2011)
Gavahian, M., Farahnaky, A., Javidnia, K., Majzoobi, M.: Comparison of ohmic-assisted hydrodistillation with traditional hydrodistillation for the extraction of essential oils from Thymus vulgaris L. Innov. Food Sci. Emerg. 14, 85–91 (2012)
Jiao, J., Fu, Y.J., Zu, Y.G., Luo, M., Wang, W., Zhang, L., Li, J.: Enzyme-assisted microwave hydro-distillation essential oil from Fructus forsythia, chemical constituents, and its antimicrobial and antioxidant activities. Food Chem. 134, 235–243 (2012)
European Pharmacopeia. On line version. http://online6.edqm.eu/ep705/
Adams, R.P.: Identification of Essential Oil Components by Gas Chromatography/Mass Spectrometry, 4th edn. Allured Publishing Corporation, Carol Stream, IL (2007)
Lapornik, B., Prosek, M., Wondra, A.G.: Comparison of extracts prepared from plant by-products using different solvents and extraction time. J. Food Eng. 71, 214–222 (2005)
Gao, H., Shupe, T.F., Eberhardt, T.L., Hse, C.Y.: Antioxidant activity of extracts from the wood and bark of Port Orford cedar. J. Wood Sci. 53, 147–152 (2007)
Dorman, H.J.D., Peltoketo, A., Hiltunen, R., Tikkanen, M.J.: Characterisation of the antioxidant properties of de-odourised aqueous extracts from selected Lamiaceae herbs. Food Chem. 83, 255–262 (2003)
Benzie, I.F.F., Strain, J.J.: Ferric reducing/antioxidant power assay: direct measure of total antioxidant activity of biological fluids and modified version for simultaneous measurement of total antioxidant power and ascorbic acid concentration. Method. Enzymol. 299, 15–27 (1999)
Statgraphics Plus for Windows 5.1. Experimental Design. Manugistics, Inc. 1994
Dob, T., Berramdane, T., Chelghoum, C.: Analysis of essential oil from the needles of Pinus pinaster growing in Algeria. Chem. Nat. Compd. 41, 545–548 (2005)
Koukos, P.K., Papadopoulou, K.I., Patiaka, D.T., Papagiannopoulos, A.D.: Chemical composition of essential oils from needles and twigs of balkan pine (Pinus peuce Grisebach) grown in Northern Greece. J. Agric. Food Chem. 48, 1266–1268 (2000)
Liu, X.G., Ju, X.R., Mao, X.D., Zhang, Z.: Studies on enzymic extraction of essential oil from pine needles. Chem. Indus. For. Prod. 25, 101–114 (2005)
Montanari, R.M., Barbosa, L.C.A., Demuner, A.J., Silva, C.J., Carvalho, L.S., Andrade, N.J.: Chemical composition and antibacterial activity of essential oils from verbenaceae species: alternative sources of (E)-Caryophyllene and germacrene-D. Quim. Nova 34, 1550–1555 (2011)
Boubsia, N., Abert Vian, M., Ferhat, M.A., Peticolas, E., Meklati, B.Y., Chemat, F.: Comparison of two isolation methods for essential oil from rosemary leaves: hydrodistillation and microwave hydrodiffusion and gravity. Food Chem. 114, 355–362 (2009)
Li, X.J., Wang, W., Luo, M., Li, C.Y., Zu, Y.G., Mu, P.S., Fu, Y.-J.: Solvent-free microwave extraction of essential oil from Dryopteris fragrans and evaluation of antioxidant activity. Food Chem. 133, 437–444 (2012)
Zill-e-Huma, Vian, M.A., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., Elmaataoui, M., Dangles, O., Chemat, F.: A remarkable influence of microwave extraction: enhancement of antioxidant activity of extracted onion varieties. Food Chem. 127, 1472–1480 (2011)
Khan, M.K., Abert-Vian, M., Fabiano-Tixier, A.S., Dangles, O., Chemat, F.: Ultrasound-assisted extraction of polyphenols (flavanone glycosides) from orange (Citrus sinensis L.) peel. Food Chem. 115, 851–858 (2010)
Morelli, L.L.L., Prado, M.A.: Extraction optimization for antioxidant phenolic compounds in red grape jam using ultrasound with a response surface methodology. Ultrason. Sonochem. 19, 1144–1149 (2012)
Popović, B.M., Štajner, D., Slavko, K., Sandra, B.: Antioxidant capacity of cornelian cherry (Cornus mas L.)—comparison between permanganate reducing antioxidant capacity and other antioxidant methods. Food Chem. 134, 734–741 (2012)
Acknowledgments
This study is a part of VALBOIS project which is financially supported by “Région Poitou-Charentes”. The authors would acknowledge this financial support as well as Achimbaud Company for providing the wood waste.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Meullemiestre, A., Kamal, I., Maache-Rezzoug, Z. et al. Antioxidant Activity and Total Phenolic Content of Oils Extracted from Pinus pinaster Sawdust Waste. Screening of Different Innovative Isolation Techniques. Waste Biomass Valor 5, 283–292 (2014). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-013-9237-8
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12649-013-9237-8