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Fun with colours

The standard model with two-colour QCD has radically different long-distance physics

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Abstract

In our world, the standard model of particle physics contains within it the fairly intractable theory called QCD. A toy version with two colours is often studied as a model confining and chiral symmetry breaking field theory. Here, we investigate the cascade of changes at various distance scales if we make this change within the standard model. It is possible to limit the changes at the hadronic scale. However, the minor changes that occur actually cascade down to the far infrared, into nuclear and atomic physics, and chemistry. Through this, it also possibly affects the evolution of stars and galaxies. We remark on this unexpected sensitivity of the universe to physics at the scale of quarks.

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Notes

  1. This can change if the hierarchy of scales in the standard model is modified drastically [2,3,4,5], which we do not plan to do.

  2. We follow the metric and other conventions of Weinberg [1].

  3. Both the intermediate distance regime, where multi-meson exchanges and the tower of higher spin mesons have to be accounted for, and the chiral limit, where intermediate states with infinite number of pions are not suppressed by energy considerations, require a more detailed analysis. If nuclear physics and bulk nuclear matter in QCD\(_2\) were of greater interest, these effects would have to be computed.

  4. We adapt the standard notation for the nucleus of element X as \({}^B_ZX\) and drop the index Z, since it is always B/2.

  5. It is interesting that specifically for \(N_c=2\) it is easy to write terms in SMEFT which violate B and \(B-L\), through dimension 6 operators. This could allow a different path for baryon asymmetry to be generated.

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Acknowledgements

We acknowledge support of the Department of Atomic Energy, Government of India, under Project Identification No. RTI 4002. We would like to thank Jean-Paul Blaizot, Robert Shrock, and David Tong for helpful comments.

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  1. Department of Theoretical Physics, Tata Institute of Fundamental Research, Homi Bhabha Road, Mumbai, 400005, India

    Saumen Datta, Sourendu Gupta & Rishi Sharma

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  1. Saumen Datta
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  2. Sourendu Gupta
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  3. Rishi Sharma
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Correspondence to Sourendu Gupta.

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Datta, S., Gupta, S. & Sharma, R. Fun with colours. Indian J Phys 95, 1623–1630 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-021-02126-w

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