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The efficacy of cercarial antigen loaded on nanoparticles as a potential vaccine candidate in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice

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Abstract

Schistosomiasis is one of the most common causes of morbidity and mortality from parasitic diseases. Mass treatment has proven to be insufficient because of repeated infection after treatment and the appearance of strains resistant to drug therapy. Hence, immunization is a new approach to control the disease and limit the pathological consequences of schistosomiasis. To evaluate the prophylactic effect of Cercarial antigen (CAP) loaded on chitosan nanoparticles (CSNPs) as a potential vaccine against Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. 130 mice divided into 2 groups were used: Group I: Control groups (50 mice) subdivided into subgroup Ia (10 mice): Non-infected mice (normal control), subgroup Ib (20 mice): Schistosoma infected mice (infected control) and subgroup Ic (20 mice): Non-infected mice receiving NPs only. Group II: Vaccinated group (80 mice) subdivided equally into subgroup IIa (CAP): Received cercarial antigen and subgroup IIb (CAP + CSNP): Received cercarial antigen loaded on chitosan NPs then both vaccinated groups were infected with S. mansoni 3 weeks following the initial vaccination dose. CAP + CSNP and CAP groups showed significant reduction in adult worms count, hepatic egg count, hepatic granulomas number and size in comparison to the infected control group. Elevation of serum IgG and IgM levels, CD4+ and CD8+ T cell frequencies, IL-4, IL-10 and INF-γ levels was more significant in CAP + CSNP group than CAP group. CAP + CSNP is a promising new preparation of Schistosomal antigens that gave better results than immunization with CAP alone. CSNPs enhanced the immune and protective effect of CAP as validated by parasitological, histopathological and immunohistochemical studies.

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The authors confirm that the data supporting the findings in this study are available within the article and its supplementary material. Raw data that support the findings of this study are available from the corresponding author, upon reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We thank the Department of Medical Parasitology, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt and the Biological Unit at Theodore Bilharz Research Institute (TBRI), Imbaba, Giza, Egypt for conducting the present research.

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  1. Medical Parasitology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Dina A. S. Elguindy, Dalia S. Ashour, Sirria M. Elmarhoumy & Howaida I. H. Ismail

  2. Pathology Department, Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Tanta, Egypt

    Dina M. El-Guindy

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  1. Dina A. S. Elguindy
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  2. Dalia S. Ashour
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Dina A. S. Elguindy, Dalia S. Ashour, Sirria M. Elmarhoumy, Dina M. EL-Guindy and Howaida I.H. Ismail conceived and designed the study. Dina A. S. Elguindy performed the experiment while Dina M. EL-Guindy performed the histopathology study. The first draft of the manuscript was written by Dina A. S. Elguindy, and all authors commented on the previous versions of the manuscript. All authors read and approved the final manuscript.

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Correspondence to Dina A. S. Elguindy.

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All procedures contributing to this work conform with the ethical standards of the relevant national and institutional guides on the care and the use of laboratory animals. The study was approved by the Laboratory Animal center for Research Ethics Committee of Faculty of Medicine, Tanta University, Egypt (Approval code: 34167/10/20).

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Elguindy, D.A.S., Ashour, D.S., Elmarhoumy, S.M. et al. The efficacy of cercarial antigen loaded on nanoparticles as a potential vaccine candidate in Schistosoma mansoni-infected mice. J Parasit Dis 48, 381–399 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-024-01677-z

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