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Anticoccidial effects of tannin-based herbal formulation (Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium sativum) against coccidiosis in broilers

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Abstract

Background

Avian coccidiosis is considered among the infectious disease of high cost in the poultry industry. Herbal extracts are safe and reliable substitute anticoccidial drugs for chemical feed additives as they do not sequel to drug resistance and tissue remnants.

Objective

The current study aimed to assess the anticoccidial effect of an herbal complex of 3 plants (Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium sativum) in broiler chickens compared to toltrazuril anticoccidial.

Methods

This experiment used one hundred twenty broiler chickens and divided them into four equally numbered groups. All the groups, except group (D), were experimentally infected with mixed Eimeria spp. (E. tenella, E. maxima, E. necatrix and E. brunetti) on day 14. Group (A) was treated with a herbal mixture, containing 75% Quercus infectoria with a minimum of 30% total tannin, 16% Artemisia annua with a minimum of 0.02% artemisinin, and 9% Allium sativum with a minimum of 0.4% total phenol contents. Group (B) was treated with toltrazuril. Group (C) did not have any treatment. Group (D) was healthy all the experiment period as a negative control group. During a 42-day breeding period, the study examined clinical signs, weight gains, feed conversion ratio, lesions scoring, casualties, and the number of oocysts in different bird groups.

Results

Group (D) showed the most significant weight gain, indicating the economic damage caused by coccidiosis. The best feed conversion ratio was observed in the unchallenged group, and coccidiosis negatively affected it in other groups. Clinical signs of dysentery, diarrhea, and lethargy were seen post-challenge but improved with treatment. Group (D) showed no losses; others had casualties and coccidiosis lesions. Lesion scores were lowest in the group (D), and the herbal mixture improved performance. The herbal mixture and toltrazuril reduced oocyst counts in feces earlier than the untreated group.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the anticoccidial activity of the mentioned herbal complex recommends its use as an alternative anticoccidial agent to chemotherapeutic drugs for controlling coccidiosis.

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Data availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank the research deputy of the Ferdowsi University of Mashhad for your support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Clinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Ferdowsi University of Mashhad, Mashhad, Iran

    Seyed Ali Ghafouri, Abolfazl Ghaniei, Soheil Sadr, Amir Ebrahim Tavanaee Tamannaei, Ali Charbgoo & Shakila Ghiassi

  2. Makian Dam Pars Science-Based Company, Tehran, Iran

    Amir Ali Amiri & Behnoush Dianat

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  1. Seyed Ali Ghafouri
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  2. Abolfazl Ghaniei
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Contributions

Conceptualization: [AG], Methodology: [AG/SAG/SS], Formal analysis and investigation: [AG/SS], Writing—original draft preparation: [SS/AETT/AC/SG/BD]; Writing—review and editing: [AG/SS], Funding acquisition: [No funding], Resources: [AAA], Supervision: [AG].

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Correspondence to Abolfazl Ghaniei.

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Ghafouri, S.A., Ghaniei, A., Sadr, S. et al. Anticoccidial effects of tannin-based herbal formulation (Artemisia annua, Quercus infectoria, and Allium sativum) against coccidiosis in broilers. J Parasit Dis 47, 820–828 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12639-023-01627-1

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