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Hydroconversion of Crude Palm Oil Over Highly Dispersed Porous Silica Modified Zirconium Nitride: Effect of EDTA and KHF Template

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Abstract

In the present paper, the effect of potassium hydrogen phthalate (KHF) and ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid (EDTA) as new templating agents on the features and catalytic activity of SiO2/ZrN was reported. SiO2/ZrN was successfully prepared by nitridation technique using an ammonia stream under a high-temperature reaction. As-prepared catalyst was tested for crude palm oil (CPO) hydroconversion. Both modified catalysts reveal a distinctive feature compared to parent silica as well SiO2/Zr and successfully enhanced the acidity features and the textural properties of the catalyst as well. SiO2/ZrN-EDTA dominantly formed a homogeneous pore size distribution with a mesoporous cavity, whereas SiO2/ZrN-EDTA directed the pore size towards micropores with a narrow pore size distribution. Further, the parent catalyst's particle size is also affected by this treatment, in which SiO2/ZrN-KHF exhibits the smallest average particle size, followed by the SiO2/ZrN-EDTA with a narrow particle size distribution. Hydrocracking of CPO showed an increase in the CPO hydroconversion, while simultaneously enhancing the liquid yield, suggesting a positive correlation with its acidity features. Prominently, SiO2/ZrN-KHF promotes a higher selectivity towards biogasoline, whereas SiO2/ZrN-EDTA enhances biokerosene selectivity. A reusability study revealed that SiO2/ZrN-based catalyst successfully inhibited the catalyst deactivation, showing adequate hydroconversion stability within 3 consecutive runs compared to parent silica and SiO2/Zr catalyst.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to express their gratitude to the DRPM Ministry of Education, Culture, Research and Technology, Indonesia, for providing financial support for this study in the form of a PDUPT research grant with the number of 059/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2023.

Funding

PDUPT research grant with the number of 059/E5/PG.02.00.PL/2023.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Jl. Raya Palembang-Prabumulih Km. 32, Indralaya, 30662, Sumatra Selatan, Indonesia

    Wan Ryan Asri & Hasanudin Hasanudin

  2. Biofuel Research Group, Laboratory of Physical Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Science, Universitas Sriwijaya, Indralaya, 30662, Indonesia

    Hasanudin Hasanudin

  3. Department of Chemistry, Faculty of Mathematics and Natural Sciences, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Yogyakarta, 55281, Indonesia

    Karna Wijaya

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  1. Wan Ryan Asri
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  2. Hasanudin Hasanudin
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Contributions

Wan Ryan Asri: Conceptualization, Methodology, Writing – original draft. Hasanudin Hasanudin: Validation, Data curation, Resources, Supervision. Karna Wijaya: Validation, Data curation, Resources, Supervision.

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Correspondence to Hasanudin Hasanudin.

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Asri, W.R., Hasanudin, H. & Wijaya, K. Hydroconversion of Crude Palm Oil Over Highly Dispersed Porous Silica Modified Zirconium Nitride: Effect of EDTA and KHF Template. Silicon 16, 83–97 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02659-1

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