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Fabrication, Evaluation, and Performance Ranking of Tri-calcium Phosphate and Silica Reinforced Dental Resin Composite Materials

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Abstract

Objective

The proposed study aimed to fabricate and evaluate the physical, mechanical, thermal, thermo-mechanical, and wear analysis of tri-calcium phosphate and silica filled dental resin composite materials.

Materials and Methods

Five dental composite series (TSi0, TSi1, TSi2, TSi3, and TSi4) were developed using organic and inorganic materials. Tricalcium phosphate (TCp) and silicon dioxide (SiO2) were used as filler particles. The amount of TCp varied from 0 to 4 wt.% while SiO2 was constant as 20 wt.%. In this work, physical (void content, water sorption, water solubility, and polymerization shrinkage), mechanical (compressive strength and Vickers hardness), thermal, thermo-mechanical, and wear analysis were investigated.

Results

The maximum water sorption and solubility were found in TSi4 designated dental composite. The depth of cure decreased with filler loading, with TSi0 achieving the maximum depth of cure. TSi4 displayed a 55.3% higher compressive strength than TSi1 and 8.6% less polymerization shrinkage than TSi0. The filler loading directly influenced the hardness. Fourier-transform infrared spectra showed shifts in peak wave numbers for nano silica and tricalcium phosphate fillers. TSi4 demonstrated the highest storage modulus at 426.01 MPa. In terms of thermal stability, TSi4 outperformed TSi3, TSi2, TSi1, and TSi0 within the temperature span of 25–300 °C, as determined by thermogravimetric analysis. Moreover, specific wear was evaluated through a pin-on-disc wear test rig and using Taguchi L25 orthogonal array to design the experiment with four factors: normal load, filler loading, RPM, and time. The hybrid dental resin composite substantially affected mechanical, thermal, and viscoelastic characteristics. Grey relational analysis (GRA) approach was used to determine the ranking of dental composites. According GRA method, TSi4 designated dental composite obtained first rank among the dental composites.

Significance

In conclusion, this research offers valuable insights into optimizing dental composite formulations to enhance the performance of dental restorative materials.

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Data Availability

The data that supports the findings of this study are available within the article and its supplementary material. No data was used for the research described in the article.

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Acknowledgements

The authors extend their heartfelt gratitude to the Centre of Excellence in Material Engineering at Anand I.C.E., Jaipur, and the Materials Research Center (MRC) at MNIT Jaipur for their invaluable support and guidance during the experimental work on dental composites.

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Author notes

  1. Anoj Meena and Ramkumar Yadav equally contributed to this work.

  2. Sonu Saini and Ramkumar Yadav equally contributed to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Anand International College of Engineering, Jaipur, 303012, Rajasthan, India

    Sonu Saini

  2. Department of Mechanical Engineering, Malaviya National Institute of Technology Jaipur, Jaipur, 302017, Rajasthan, India

    Sonu Saini, Anoj Meena, Ramkumar Yadav & Amar Patnaik

  3. Department of Chemistry, Inha University, 100 Inharo, Incheon, 22212, Republic of Korea

    Ramkumar Yadav

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  1. Sonu Saini
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Contributions

Sonu Saini: Writing—original draft. Anoj Meena: Writing – review & editing, supervision. Ramkumar Yadav: Writing – review & editing, supervision. Amar Patnaik: review & editing, supervision.

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Correspondence to Anoj Meena or Ramkumar Yadav.

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Saini, S., Meena, A., Yadav, R. et al. Fabrication, Evaluation, and Performance Ranking of Tri-calcium Phosphate and Silica Reinforced Dental Resin Composite Materials. Silicon 15, 8045–8063 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12633-023-02646-6

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