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Precise regulation of the phase transformation for pyrolusite during the reduction roasting process

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Abstract

The mechanism involved in the phase transformation process of pyrolusite (MnO2) during roasting in a reducing atmosphere was systematically elucidated in this study, with the aim of effectively using low-grade complex manganese ore resources. According to single-factor experiment results, the roasted product with a divalent manganese (Mn2+) distribution rate of 95.30% was obtained at a roasting time of 25 min, a roasting temperature of 700°C, a CO concentration of 20at%, and a total gas volume of 500 mL·min−1, in which the manganese was mainly in the form of manganosite (MnO). Scanning electron microscopy and Brunauer–Emmett–Teller theory demonstrated the microstructural evolution of the roasted product and the gradual reduction in the pyrolusite ore from the surface to the core. Thermodynamic calculations, X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, and X-ray diffractometry analyses determined that the phase transformation of pyrolusite followed the order of MnO2→Mn2O3→Mn3O4→MnO phase by phase, and the reduction of manganese oxides in each valence state proceeded simultaneously.

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Key Research and Development Program of China (No. 2023YFC 2909000), the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52174240), and the Open Foundation of State Key Laboratory of Mineral Processing (No. BGRIMM-KJSKL-2023-15).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. School of Resources and Civil Engineering, Northeastern University, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Ruofeng Wang, Peng Gao, Shuai Yuan, Yanjun Li, Yingzhi Liu & Cheng Huang

  2. National-Local Joint Engineering Research Center of High-efficient Exploitation Technology for Refractory Iron Ore Resources, Shenyang, 110819, China

    Ruofeng Wang, Peng Gao, Shuai Yuan, Yanjun Li, Yingzhi Liu & Cheng Huang

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  1. Ruofeng Wang
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  2. Peng Gao
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Correspondence to Peng Gao.

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Shuai Yuan is a youth editorial board member for IJMMM and is not involved in the editorial review or the decision to publish this article. All authors declare no competing financial interest.

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Wang, R., Gao, P., Yuan, S. et al. Precise regulation of the phase transformation for pyrolusite during the reduction roasting process. Int J Miner Metall Mater 31, 81–90 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2688-4

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12613-023-2688-4

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