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Association of Dental Caries with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Sarcopenia: A Community-Based Study

  • Original Research
  • Published:
The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Objectives

Changes in the oral cavity can reflect other changes throughout the body. This study aimed to investigate the association of dental caries with muscle mass, muscle strength, and sarcopenia, and also to describe the microbial diversity, composition, and community structure of severe dental caries and sarcopenia.

Design

Cross-sectional study based on a Chinese population aged from 50 to 85 years.

Setting

Communities from Lanxi City, Zhejiang Province, China.

Participants

A total of 1,442 participants aged from 50 to 85 years from a general community (62.8% women; median age 61.0 [interquartile range: 55.0, 68.0]).

Measurements

Dental caries was assessed by the decayed, missing, and filled teeth (DMFT) index. Sarcopenia was defined as the presence of both low muscle mass (assessed by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry scanning) and low muscle strength (assessed by handgrip strength). Multivariate logistic regression models were used to analyze the association of dental caries with muscle mass, muscle strength, and sarcopenia. Fecal samples underwent 16S rRNA profiling to evaluate the diversity and composition of the gut microbiota in patients with severe dental caries and/or sarcopenia.

Results

In the fully adjusted logistic models, dental caries was positively associated with low muscle strength (DMFT ≥ 7: OR, 1.61; 95% CI, 1.25–2.06), and sarcopenia (DMFT ≥ 7: OR, 1.51; 95% CI, 1.01–2.26), but not low muscle mass. Severe dental caries was positively associated with higher alpha-diversity indices (richness, chao1, and ACE, all p < 0.05) and associated with beta-diversity based on Bray-Curtis distance (p = 0.006). The severe dental caries group and the sarcopenia group overlapped with 11 depleted and 13 enriched genera.

Conclusion

Dental caries was positively associated with low muscle strength and sarcopenia but not muscle mass, and this association was more pronounced in male individuals. Significant differences were observed in gut microbiota composition both in severe dental caries and sarcopenia, and there was an overlap of the genera features. Future longitudinal studies are needed to clarify causal relationships.

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Funding

Funding statement: This work was supported by the Cyrus Tang Foundation (419600-11102), Zhejiang University Education Foundation (100000-11320), Hsun K. Chou Fund of Zhejiang University Education Foundation (419600-11107), and the Key R&D Program of Zhejiang (2022C03060).

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  1. Contributed equally as first authors

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Chronic Disease Research Institute, The Children’s Hospital, and National Clinical Research Center for Child Health, School of Public Health, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Y. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Shi, J. Lin, N. Wang, F. Yang &  Shankuan Zhu

  2. Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, School of Public Health, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    Y. Yang, C. Wang, Y. Wang, Y. Shi, J. Lin, N. Wang, F. Yang &  Shankuan Zhu

  3. Stomatology Hospital, School of Stomatology, Zhejiang University School of Medicine, North Qiutao Road No.166, Hangzhou, Zhejiang, China

    S. Deng, L. Su &  Huiming Wang

  4. Zhejiang Provincial Clinical Research Center for Oral Diseases, Key Laboratory of Oral Biomedical Research of Zhejiang Province, Cancer Center of Zhejiang University, Hangzhou, China

    S. Deng, L. Su &  Huiming Wang

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Contributions

Author contributions: SKZ and YY designed the study and wrote the manuscript. YY, SLD, CCW, YFW, YWS, JHL, and NLW collected and analyzed the data. YY, YF, CCW, YFW, JHL, and LKS were involved in data interpretation, drafting the manuscript, and revising it critically. HMW and SKZ supervised the study. All authors read and approved the final version of the manuscript.

Corresponding authors

Correspondence to Huiming Wang or Shankuan Zhu.

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Conflict of interest: The authors declare that they have no conflicts of interest.

Ethical standards: This study was approved by the Ethics Committee of the School of Public Health Zhejiang University (NO: ZGL201905-1) and was conducted in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013.

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Yang, Y., Deng, S., Wang, C. et al. Association of Dental Caries with Muscle Mass, Muscle Strength, and Sarcopenia: A Community-Based Study. J Nutr Health Aging 27, 10–20 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-022-1875-8

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