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Evaluation of the Accuracy of Six Simple Screening Tools for Sarcopenia in Schizophrenic Patients

  • Original Research
  • Published:
The journal of nutrition, health & aging

Abstract

Objectives

Our objective was to evaluate if SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F-EBM, calf circumference (CC), mid-upper-arm circumference (MUAC) and Ishii test can be used to accurately screen for sarcopenia in schizophrenic patients.

Method

We enrolled schizophrenic patients aged 50 or older, who were regularly taking antipsychotic medications, at two mental health centres. Bioimpedance-based muscle-mass was analysed with an InBody 770 instrument, while muscle strength was measured with a digital grip-strength dynamometer. The physical performance of the patients was gauged from their gait speed over 6 m. Standard AWGS2019 diagnostic criteria were used, and the accuracies of the six screening methods were indicated by the sensitivity, negative predictive value (NPV), and area under receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC).

Results

A total of 339 stable schizophrenic patients were enrolled. The overall prevalence of sarcopenia was 53.1%, and the prevalence was 55.6% and 47.66%, respectively, for males and females. The prevalence of sarcopenia obesity in the total population was 16.22%, and that of males and females was 18.97% and 10.28%, respectively.

The SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F-EBM, CC, MUAC and Ishii test sensitivity/NPV in screening for sarcopenia were 41.86%/0.52, 79.07%/0.7, 28.68%/0.51, 78.3%/0.71, 76.74%/0.7, 89.92%/0.84, respectively, in males and 45.1%/0.59, 94.12%/0.91, 54.9%/0.7, 92.16%/60.91, 74.51%/0.77, 96.08%/0.94, respectively, in females. In males, the AUCs of the SARC-F, SARC-CalF, SARC-F-EBM, CC, MUAC and Ishii test were 0.601 (95%CI, 0.528–0.673), 0.754 (95%CI,0.69–0.817), 0.657 (95%CI,0.588–0.727), 0.8 (95%CI, 0.744–0.856), 0.781 (95%CI, 0.721–0.84) and 0.88 (95%CI, 0.837–0.922), respectively, and in females, they were 0.587(95%CI,0.479–0.696), 0.794 (95%CI,0.709–0.878), 0.799 (95%CI,0.71–0.888), 0.893 (95%CI, 0.833–0.953), 0.843 (95%CI, 0.772–0.915) and 0.855 (95%CI, 0.784–0.926), respectively.

Conclusion

The prevalence of sarcopenia in schizophrenic patients is high. Clinical doctors should screen for sarcopenia in schizophrenic patients and provide timely interventions to reduce the occurrence of adverse events. The above six tools can be used as screening tools, and the Ishii test is the most suitable for screening.

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Data availability statement: The datasets generated and analyzed during the current study are not publicly available due to this is a database which has a lot of important information and we are applying some important projects based on this. But this datasets will be available 2 years later and is also available now from the corresponding author on a reasonable request.

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Funding

Funding: 2020 Zigong City Key Technology Support Plan (Project No. 2020YLSF19); Psychiatric Hospital of Ziyang Support Plan(Project No.zjsjsbyy-kyxm-2019-2).

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Author notes

  1. X. Lei and M. Chen contribute the same in this paper

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Psychiatric Hospital of Ziyang, Ziyang, Sichuan Province, China

    M. Chen, T. Zhu & Q. Li

  2. Southwest Medical University Zigong Affiliated Hospital, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China

    X. Lei & Xiaoyan Chen

  3. Zigong Mental Health Center, Zigong, Sichuan Province, China

    Xiaoyan Chen

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Contributions

Author contributions: Xiaoyan Chen designed the study and reviewed and edited the paper. Ming Chen and Xiuping Lei wrote the paper. Tian Zhu and Qiuxia Li take part in the interpretation of data. All authors have read and approved the manuscript.

Corresponding author

Correspondence to Xiaoyan Chen.

Ethics declarations

Competing interests: The authors declare that there are no conflicts of interest.

Ethical approval and consent to participate: The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki, and the protocol was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Zigong Medical Foundation (IRB number: 20191001) and the Psychiatric Hospital of Ziyang (IRB number: zjsjsbyy-kyxm-2019-2). All participants or their legal guardians provided written informed consent. All methods were consistent with relevant guidelines and regulations.

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Chen, M., Lei, X., Zhu, T. et al. Evaluation of the Accuracy of Six Simple Screening Tools for Sarcopenia in Schizophrenic Patients. J Nutr Health Aging 26, 571–575 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-022-1799-3

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  • DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12603-022-1799-3

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