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Evaluation of Antifungal Metabolites Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria

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Abstract

This study aimed to select and characterize lactic acid bacteria (LAB) with potential antifungal activities against the filamentous fungi Alternaria alternata ATCC MYA-4642, Aspergillus flavus KACC 45470, Aspergillus niger KACC 42589, Cladosporium sphaerospermum ATCC MYA-4645, Penicillium chrysogenum ATCC MYA-4644, and Penicillium expansum KACC 40815. Initial screening of the antifungal activity has identified six LAB strains belonging to the genera Enterococcus and Leuconostoc, selected by their antagonistic activities against at least three of the filamentous fungi in the test panel. Preliminary prediction of bioactive compounds was carried out to narrow down the possible identity of the antagonistic metabolites produced by the studied LAB. Furthermore, metabolic profiles were assessed and used as a basis for the identification of key metabolites based on VIP scores and PCA plot scores. Key metabolites were identified to be β-phenyllactic acid, ⍺-hydroxyisobutyric acid, 1,3-butanediol, phenethylamine, and benzoic acid. Individual assessment of each metabolic compound against the test panel showed specificity inhibitory patterns; yet, combinations between them only showed additive, but not synergetic effects. The pH neutralization significantly reduced the antifungal activity of the cell-free supernatant (CFS), but no bioactive compounds were found to be stable in high temperatures and pressure. This study will be beneficial as an additional building block on the existing knowledge and future antifungal application of LAB produced metabolites. Furthermore, this study also provides a new bio-preservative perspective on unexplored antifungal metabolites produced by LAB as biocontrol agents.

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Data Availability

All data generated related to this project is available upon request from the authors of the manuscript.

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Acknowledgements

To Yu Jin Park and Dong Ho Suh from HEM Pharma Inc., Suwon, the Republic of Korea for technical assistance in metabolomic analysis experimental performance.

Funding

This research was supported by the grant from the National Research Foundation (NRF), funded by the Ministry of Science & ICT (NRF-2018M3A9F3021964), Seoul, Republic of Korea, and Program for Visiting Professors at Handong Global University, Pohang, South Korea, for financial support.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. ProBacLab Laboratory, Department of Advanced Convergence, Handong Global University, Handong-ro, Heunghae-eup, Gyeong-buk, Pohang, 37554, Republic of Korea

    Joanna Ivy Irorita Fugaban, Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov & Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel

  2. Current address: National Food Institute, Technical University of Denmark, Kemitorvet, Kongens Lyngby, Denmark

    Joanna Ivy Irorita Fugaban

  3. HEMPharma Inc., 77, Changnyong-daero 256 Beon-gil, Suwon-si, Gyeonggi-do, 16229, Republic of Korea

    Eun Sung Jung

  4. ProBacLab, Laboratório de Microbiologia de Alimentos, Departamento de Alimentos E Nutrição Experimental, Faculdade de Ciências Farmacêuticas, Universidade de São Paulo, São Paulo, SP, Brazil

    Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov

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  1. Joanna Ivy Irorita Fugaban
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  2. Eun Sung Jung
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  4. Wilhelm Heinrich Holzapfel
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Contributions

Concept: SDT and WHH; Experimental work: JIIF, ESJ (metabolomic analysis); Analysis of obtained results: JIIF and SDT; Funds: WHH and SDT; Writing of the manuscript: JIIF; Scientific corrections and editing: SDT and WHH.

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Correspondence to Svetoslav Dimitrov Todorov.

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Fugaban, J.I.I., Jung, E.S., Todorov, S.D. et al. Evaluation of Antifungal Metabolites Produced by Lactic Acid Bacteria. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 1447–1463 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09995-5

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