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Exercise Training and Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Reduce Tetracycline-Induced Liver Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats with Hepatic Steatosis

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Abstract

Lifestyle modification with regular exercise can improve metabolic diseases by reducing lipid profile and inflammation. Probiotics have been recently recommended not only for gastrointestinal diseases but also for metabolic and even degenerative diseases. Therefore, in the present study, the effect of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus strain GG (LGG) as a probiotic on tetracycline-induced hepatic steatosis in an animal model was evaluated. Eighty male Wistar rats were randomly divided into eight groups (n = 10 in each group): control, LGG, HIIT, LGG + HIIT, tetracycline-induced (TTC), TTC + LGG, TTC + HIIT, and TTC + LGG + HIIT. The rats are treated by intraperitoneal injection (IP) with 140 mg kg−1 tetracycline, an antibiotic previously known to induce steatosis. The exercise training groups performed HIIT 5 days/week for 5 weeks, and 107 CFU/ml of Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG was gavaged for the LGG groups 5 days/week for 5 weeks. Fatty droplets in the hepatocyte were considered with Oil Red staining. TTC-receiving rats have more lipid accumulation and larger lipid droplets in the liver compared to healthy animals. The two-way ANOVA showed that the interaction of LGG and HIIT significantly decreased LDL, cholesterol, and triglyceride in the healthy rats (p < 0.05). In TTC-receiving rats, the interaction of LGG and HIIT significantly increased HDL and SOD and significantly decreased triglyceride, ALP, AST, and ALT (p < 0.05). The consumption of probiotic LGG, along with HIIT with control of lipid profile and liver enzymes and improvement of the oxidative capacity, neutralizes the damage of TTC to liver tissue. Therefore, this protocol can be recommended for people with hepatic steatosis.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, Karaj Branch, Islamic Azad University, Alborz, Iran

    Fariba Aghaei

  2. Exercise Physiology Research Center, Life Style Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Ehsan Arabzadeh & Hossein Shirvani

  3. Applied Microbiology Research Center, Systems Biology and Poisonings Institute, Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran

    Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini

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  1. Fariba Aghaei
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  2. Ehsan Arabzadeh
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  3. Hamideh Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini
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  4. Hossein Shirvani
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All the authors contributed to the experimental design, performed the experiments, and contributed to the data analysis, interpretation of the results, and drafting of the manuscript.

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Correspondence to Hossein Shirvani.

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All the animals were behaved and sacrificed following the National Institutes of Health guide for the care and use of laboratory animals (NIH Publications No. 8023, revised 1978). The experimental procedures were all performed according to the approval of the Ethical Committee of Baqiyatallah University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran (ethical code: IR.BMSU.REC.1396.716).

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Aghaei, F., Arabzadeh, E., Mahmoodzadeh Hosseini, H. et al. Exercise Training and Probiotic Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG Reduce Tetracycline-Induced Liver Oxidative Stress and Inflammation in Rats with Hepatic Steatosis. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 1393–1405 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09994-6

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