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Anti-cancer Properties of Potential Probiotics and Their Cell-free Supernatants for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: an In Vitro Study

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Abstract

This study aimed to characterize the anti-cancer properties of potential probiotics (Lacticaseibacillus paracasei SD1, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD4, Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus SD11, and Lacticaseibacillus rhamnosus GG) and their cell-free supernatants (CFS) for the prevention of colorectal cancer (CRC), which including anti-bacterial and anti-inflammation activities against pathogens associated with CRC (Fusobacterium nucleatum, Porphyromonas gingivalis, ETEC, and Salmonella enterica). The expression of human β-defensin (2–4) and IL-10 after being stimulated with probiotics was also examined. In addition, anti-cancer activity of CFS and probiotic growth under intestinal conditions were determined. An in vitro study was conducted in the Caco-2 and HIEC-6 cells. Results showed that probiotic cells and their CFS displayed different antibacterial activity, and L. rhamnosus SD11 showed the strongest inhibition of the growth of pathogens. Additionally, both probiotic cell walls and their CFS suppressed pro-inflammatory cytokines after being stimulated with pathogens in Caco-2 and HIEC-6 cells. L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 showed significantly higher suppression levels than others and also both strains can stimulate highly expression of hBD (2–4) and IL-10. The CFS of L. paracasei SD1 and L. rhamnosus SD11 inhibited significantly high growth of Caco-2 cells but not much in HIEC-6 cells. Furthermore, all probiotics adhered to Caco-2 and HIEC-6 cells, and L. rhamnosus SD4 showed the highest adhesion to both cells. They could survive more than 70% in intestinal conditions. In conclusion, results indicate that potential probiotics tested exhibited various anti-cancer properties, which may be good candidates used as biotherapy for the prevention or to delay the progression of CRC.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analyzed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

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Acknowledgements

The authors would like to thank the Oral Microbiology Laboratory, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University (Hat-Yai, Thailand), for facilitating all equipment.

Funding

This work has received funding from the Health Systems Research Institute (HSRI 64–007).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Oral Diagnostic Sciences, Faculty of Dentistry, Prince of Songkla University, Hat-Yai, 90112, Thailand

    Nuntiya Pahumunto & Rawee Teanpaisan

  2. Common Oral Diseases and Epidemiology Research Center, Hat-Yai, Thailand

    Nuntiya Pahumunto & Rawee Teanpaisan

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  1. Nuntiya Pahumunto
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NP and RT were involved in article’s conception and design, participated in conducting the experiments, drafted the manuscript, revised and provided final approval of the version to be published.

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Correspondence to Nuntiya Pahumunto.

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Pahumunto, N., Teanpaisan, R. Anti-cancer Properties of Potential Probiotics and Their Cell-free Supernatants for the Prevention of Colorectal Cancer: an In Vitro Study. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 15, 1137–1150 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-022-09972-y

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