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Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 and Probiotic Supplementation on Preventing Ligature-Induced Periodontitis

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Abstract

Omega-3 and probiotics were shown to improve periodontal health by modulating the host immune response. Recently, the combination of omega-3 and probiotics has been shown to have a potential synergistic effect on host modulation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the prophylactic role of an omega-3 and probiotic combination on alveolar bone loss (ABL) via inflammatory response in an experimental periodontitis model. Forty-three rats were divided into 5 groups as control (C, n = 8), periodontitis (P, n = 8), omega-3 + periodontitis (O, n = 8), probiotic + periodontitis (Pro, n = 10), and omega-3 + probiotic + periodontitis (OPro, n = 9). Additionally to a standardized diet, omega-3 and/or probiotics were supplemented with oral gavage to the O, Pro, and OPro groups for 44 days. Periodontitis was induced by ligature to the P, O, Pro, and OPro groups on the 30th day for 2 weeks. ABL levels were measured histopathologically, and serum interleukin (IL) 1β, IL6, and IL10 levels were analysed by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay. ABL increased in all periodontitis groups (P, O, Pro, and OPro), compared to C group. Compared to P group, all oral gavage groups (O, Pro, and OPro) revealed decreased ABL, which was lowest in OPro group. IL1β and IL6 decreased and IL10 increased in OPro group, compared to P group. In conclusion, prophylactic administration of omega-3 and probiotic combination reduced ABL and improved serum IL1β, IL6, and IL10 levels more than their single use.

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Data Availability

The datasets generated during and/or analysed during the current study are available from the corresponding author on reasonable request.

Abbreviations

EPA:

Eicosapentaenoic acid

DHA:

Docosahexaenoic acid

ABL:

Alveolar bone loss

C:

Control

P:

Periodontitis

O:

Omega-3 + periodontitis

Pro:

Probiotic + periodontitis

OPro:

Omega-3 + probiotic + periodontitis

IL:

Interleukin

SRP:

Scaling and root planing

GCF:

Gingival crevicular fluid

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Funding

This study was financially supported by the Hatay Mustafa Kemal University Scientific Research Projects Commission (Project No. 18.M.090).

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Hatay Mustafa Kemal University, Hatay, Turkey

    Burak Doğan & Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan

  2. Department of Pathology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine, Burdur Mehmet Akif Ersoy University, Burdur, Turkey

    Özlem Özmen

  3. Department of Periodontology, Faculty of Dentistry, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Özlem Fentoğlu & Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu

  4. Department of Biochemistry, Faculty of Arts and Sciences, Süleyman Demirel University, Isparta, Turkey

    Mustafa Calapoğlu

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  1. Burak Doğan
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  2. Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan
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Contributions

Conceptualization: Burak Doğan, Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan, Özlem Özmen, Özlem Fentoğlu, Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu, Mustafa Calapoğlu. Methodology: Burak Doğan, Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan, Özlem Özmen, Mustafa Calapoğlu. Formal analysis: Burak Doğan. Writing—original draft preparation: Burak Doğan, Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan. Writing—review and editing: Burak Doğan, Esra Sinem Kemer Doğan, Özlem Özmen, Özlem Fentoğlu, Fatma Yeşim Kırzıoğlu, Mustafa Calapoğlu.

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Correspondence to Burak Doğan.

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Ethics Approval

Süleyman Demirel University Animal Experiments Local Ethics Committee approved the study with the decision number 05.05.2018, 13/06.

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The authors declare no competing interests.

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Doğan, B., Kemer Doğan, E.S., Özmen, Ö. et al. Synergistic Effect of Omega-3 and Probiotic Supplementation on Preventing Ligature-Induced Periodontitis. Probiotics & Antimicro. Prot. 14, 114–120 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12602-021-09803-6

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