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Laser powder bed fusion of NiTiFe shape memory alloy via pre-mixed powder: microstructural evolution, mechanical and functional properties

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Abstract

High-cost pre-alloyed powder is the bottleneck problem that limits the widespread application of additive-manufactured shape memory alloys. In this work, the low-cost ternary NiTiFe shape memory alloy is fabricated by laser powder bed fusion (LPBF) technique via mechanically mixed pre-alloy NiTi powder and varying contents pure Fe powder (1, 2, 3 wt%). All NiTiFe alloys show a relative density of up to 99.8% by optimizing the LPBF processing parameters. Owing to the heterogeneous nucleation effect of micron-sized Fe particles, both grain refinement and texture weakening are generated in the NiTiFe alloys, accompanied by the reduction of dislocation density. For the room-temperature mechanical properties, the NiTi-3Fe alloy shows the highest microhardness of HV 370, but the fracture strength and elongation reduce to 1701 MPa and 23% simultaneously. The evolution of mechanical properties is attributed to the high internal defects, low dislocation density and the incoherent oxide. Moreover, the NiTi-3Fe alloy shows the quasi-linear superelasticity behavior; the superelastic recoverable strain of NiTi-1Fe and NiTi-2Fe decreased with the increase in Fe content. This study provided a new-fangled insight for the development of multi-component NiTi-based shape memory alloys by additive manufacturing.

Graphical abstract

摘要

高成本的预合金粉末是限制增材制造形状记忆合金广泛应用的瓶颈问题。在当前工作中，通过机械混合预合金NiTi粉末和不同质量分数的纯Fe粉末（1 wt%, 2 wt%, 3 wt%），用激光粉末床熔融（LPBF）技术制造了低成本的三元NiTiFe形状记忆合金。通过优化LPBF工艺参数，所有NiTiFe合金的相对密度都达到了99.8%。由于微米级Fe颗粒的异质成核效应，NiTiFe合金中产生了晶粒细化和织构弱化，同时伴随着位错密度的降低。在室温力学性能方面，NiTi-3Fe合金显示出高达HV370的显微硬度，但断裂强度和伸长率同时降低到1701 MPa和23%。力学性能的变化归因于高内部缺陷、低位错密度和不连贯的氧化物。此外，NiTi-3Fe合金在室温下显示出准线性超弹性特征，NiTi-1Fe和NiTi-2Fe的超弹性可恢复应变随着铁含量的增加而减少。该研究为通过增材制造开发多元NiTi基形状记忆合金提供了新思路。

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (No. 52201225), the Post-doctoral Foundation Project of Shenzhen Polytechnic (No. 6021330013K0), the Additive Manufacturing Technology R&D Center (No. 602331004PQ), Guangdong Provincial General University Innovation Team Project (No. 2020KCXTD047), Shenzhen Science and Technology Innovation Commission (No. JSGG20200701095008016), Shenzhen Science and Technology Program (No. RCBS20221008093241051) and the Natural Science Foundation of Guangdong Province (No. 2022A1515110389). The authors would like to thank Dr. Xiang-Qi Wang from Jihua Laboratory Testing Center for the guidance on the X-CT experiments in this work.

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Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute of Intelligent Manufacturing Technology, Shenzhen Polytechnic, Shenzhen, 518055, China

    Bo Yuan, Liang Zhang, Hong-Jun Chen & Run-Hua Song

  2. School of Mechanical and Electrical Engineering, Guilin University of Electronic Technology, Guilin, 541004, China

    Jin-Guo Ge

  3. Guangdong Advanced Polymer Composite Engineering Technology Research Center, Shenzhen Academy of Aerospace Technology, Shenzhen, 518057, China

    Long-Sha Wei

  4. Jihua Laboratory Testing Center, Jihua Laboratory, Foshan, 528000, China

    Yu-Duo Zhou

Authors
  1. Bo Yuan
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  2. Jin-Guo Ge
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  3. Liang Zhang
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  4. Hong-Jun Chen
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  5. Long-Sha Wei
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  6. Yu-Duo Zhou
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  7. Run-Hua Song
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Corresponding author

Correspondence to Liang Zhang.

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Yuan, B., Ge, JG., Zhang, L. et al. Laser powder bed fusion of NiTiFe shape memory alloy via pre-mixed powder: microstructural evolution, mechanical and functional properties. Rare Met. 43, 2300–2316 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02604-6

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