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Comprehensive analysis and mitigation strategies for safety issues of sodium-ion batteries

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Abstract

Sodium-ion batteries show great potential as an alternative energy storage system, but safety concerns remain a major hurdle to their mass adoption. This paper analyzes the key factors and mechanisms leading to safety issues, including thermal runaway, sodium dendrite, internal short circuits, and gas release. Several promising solutions are proposed, such as high-safety electrode materials in the cathode and anode, high-safety electrolytes, and external battery management systems. Here in also we emphasize the importance of selecting appropriate analysis methods and developing reliable failure models while suggesting advanced machine learning tools for analysis. With a comprehensive approach, this study offers valuable recommendations to optimize materials and solutions for improving the safety of sodium-ion batteries.

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摘要

钠离子电池是很有前景的下一代能源存储装置，但其安全问题仍是影响大规模应用的主要障碍。本文讨论了导致钠离子电池安全问题的各种关键因素和机制，包括热失控、钠枝晶、内短路和产气。为了应对这些安全问题，本文提出了几种解决方案，包括使用具有高安全性的阴极和阳极电极材料，采用高安全性电解质，并搭配外部电池管理系统。此外，选择合适的分析方法和开发可靠的失效模型也是非常重要的。先进的机器学习工具也可以用于分析电池失效的原因。上述综合分析可提供有价值的建议，用于优化材料和找到解决方案，最终提高钠离子电池的安全性。

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Acknowledgements

This work was financially supported by the National Natural Science Foundation of China (Nos. 52202286, 52250710680, 51971124, 52171217, 52172173 and 51872071), Natural Science Foundation of Anhui Province for Distinguished Young Scholar (No. 2108085J25), Zhejiang Provincial Natural Science Foundation of China (No. LZ21E010001), Science and Technology Project of State Grid Corporation of China (No. 5419-202158503A-0-5-ZN), and Wenzhou Natural Science Foundation (Nos. G20220016 and ZG2022032).

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  1. Tao Wei and Xiao-Ling Xian have contributed equally to this work.

Authors and Affiliations

  1. Institute for Carbon Neutralization, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China

    Tao Wei & Shu-Lei Chou

  2. Wenzhou Key Laboratory of Sodium-Ion Batteries, Wenzhou University Technology Innovation Institute for Carbon Neutralization, Wenzhou, 325035, China

    Tao Wei & Shu-Lei Chou

  3. Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Carbon Materials, College of Chemistry and Materials Engineering, Wenzhou University, Wenzhou, 325035, China

    Xiao-Ling Xian & Wei Chen

  4. Institute for Superconducting and Electronic Materials, Australian Institute for Innovative Materials, University of Wollongong, Innovation Campus, Wollongong, NSW, 2522, Australia

    Shi-Xue Dou

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Wei, T., Xian, XL., Dou, SX. et al. Comprehensive analysis and mitigation strategies for safety issues of sodium-ion batteries. Rare Met. 43, 1343–1349 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-023-02347-4

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