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NiO nanoparticles-decorated ZnO hierarchical structures for isopropanol gas sensing

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Abstract

In this paper, a three-dimensional (3D) hierarchical ZnO structure consisting of nanosheets modified with ultrafine NiO particles was synthesized via a facile two-step chemical precipitate method. Various techniques characterized the as-synthesized ZnO/NiO composites and pure ZnO. The p-NiO/n-ZnO junctions formed between adjacent ZnO and NiO nanoparticles, improving the gas sensing performance. The ZnO/NiO composite with the Ni:Zn atomic ratio of 7.42:100 exhibited the best isopropanol sensing properties. Compared to pure ZnO, it showed high selectivity and sensitivity (Ra/Rg = 221.3 toward 400 × \({10}^{-6}\) isopropanol), fast response rate (less than 10 s), short recovery time, and simultaneously low operating temperature. Also, the ZnO/NiO composite exhibited a wide sensing range (1 × \({10}^{-6}\)–1000 × \({10}^{-6}\)) to isopropanol and processed good long-term stability. The experimental results suggested the potential application in fabricating efficient isopropanol sensors using this ZnO/NiO composite. The enhanced isopropanol sensing mechanism is also discussed in charge transfer between heterojunctions, surface area, and surface defects.

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摘要

通过简单的两步化学沉淀法合成了超微NiO颗粒修饰的ZnO三维纳米片分级结构。 使用多种方法表征了ZnO和ZnO/NiO复合材料。 ZnO和NiO纳米颗粒之间形成了p-NiO/n-ZnO结, 提高了气敏性能。 Ni:Zn原子比为7.42:100的ZnO/NiO复合材料表现出最佳的异丙醇传感性能。 与纯氧化锌相比, 其选择性好和灵敏度高 (Ra/Rg = 221.3), 响应速度快 (小于10 s), 恢复时间短, 操作温度低。 此外, ZnO/NiO复合材料检测范围宽 (1 × 10–6-1000 × 10–6), 长期稳定性好。 实验结果表明, ZnO/NiO复合材料可用于制备高效异丙醇传感器, 具有潜在的应用价值。 本文还在异质结间电荷转移、比表面积和表面缺陷等方面讨论了该材料对异丙醇的传感增强机理。

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Acknowledgements

This study was financially supported by the Distinguished Taishan Scholars in Climbing Plan (No. tspd20161006), the Major-Special Science and Technology Projects in Shandong Province (Nos. 2019JZZY010303 and 2019JZZY010360) and Shandong Provincial Natural Science Foundation (No. ZR2019MEM049).

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  1. School of Materials Science and Engineering, Shandong University of Science and Technology, Qingdao, 266590, China

    Shi-Chao Wang, Xiao-Hu Wang, Gao-Qun Qiao, Xiao-Yan Chen, Xin-Zhen Wang, Nan-Nan Wu, Jian Tian & Hong-Zhi Cui

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  1. Shi-Chao Wang
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Wang, SC., Wang, XH., Qiao, GQ. et al. NiO nanoparticles-decorated ZnO hierarchical structures for isopropanol gas sensing. Rare Met. 41, 960–971 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-021-01846-6

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