Abstract
A combination study of magnetic and magnetostrictive properties in directionally cast (DC) (un-annealed) and differently heat-treated Fe–19 at% Ga samples was carried out at room temperature. Slow cooling leads to an increase in the occupation of [2 0 0] easy magnetic axis. However, structural ordering of Ga atoms into a metastable D03 phase decreases the saturation magnetostriction (λs) and saturation magnetization (Ms), while increases coercivity (Hc). Water quenching suppresses the formation of stable fcc ordered phase (L12) and largely preserves disordered bcc single-phase (A2) structure down to room temperature, leading to enhanced magnetostriction and magnetization. Slow cooling promotes the ordering of metastable bcc ordered phase (D03). Magnetic force microscopy (MFM) study exhibits that the water-quenched (WQ) sample consists of a well-aligned stripe domain structure, while irregular maze-like domain structure is observed in furnace-cooled (FC) sample. The results confirm that in addition to an inhibitory effect of D03 ordering on magnetic domain wall motions, irregular magnetic domains also contribute to decrease in magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of FC sample.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Kellog RA, Flatau AB, Clark AE, Wun-Fogle M, Lograsso TA. Temperature and stress dependencies of the magnetic and magnetostrictive properties of Fe0.81Ga0.19. Appl Phys. 2002;91(10):7821.
Golovin IS, Cifre J. Structural mechanisms of anelasticity in Fe–Ga-based alloys. J Alloys Compd. 2014;584:322.
Clark AE, Wun-Fogle M, Restorff JB, Lograsso TA, Cullen JR. Effect of quenching on the magnetostriction on Fe1−xGax (0.13 < x<0.21). IEEE Trans Magn. 2001;37(4):2678.
Lograsso TA, Ross AR, Schlagel DL, Clark AE, Wun-Fogle M. Structural transformation in quenched Fe–Ga alloys. J Alloys Compd. 2003;350(1):95.
Xing Q, Du Y, McQueeney RJ, Lograsso TA. Structural investigations of Fe–Ga alloys: phase relations and magnetostrictive behavior. Acta Mater. 2008;56(16):4536.
Emdadi A. Microstructure and magnetostrictive behavior of Fe-15 at% Ga alloy with different cooling rates. Rare Met. 2015;34(4):251.
Srisukhumbowornchai N, Guruswamy S. Influence of ordering on the magnetostriction of Fe–27.5 at.% Ga alloys. J Appl Phys. 2002;92(9):5371.
Zhang JJ, Ma T, Van M. Magnetic force microscopy study of heat-treated Fe81Ga19 with different cooling rates. Phys B. 2010;405(15):3129.
Datta S, Hung M, Raim J, Lograsso TA, Flatau AB. Effect of thermal history and Ga content on magnetomechanical properties of iron gallium alloys. Mater Sci Eng, A. 2006;435(5):221.
Kawamiya N, Adachi K, Nakamura Y. Magnetic properties and Mössbauer investigations of Fe–Ga alloys. J Phys Soc Jpn. 1972;33(5):1318.
Wu R. Origin of large magnetostriction in FeGa alloys. J Appl Phys. 2002;91(10):7358.
Golovin IS. Anelasticity of Fe–Ga based alloys. Mater Des. 2015;88:577.
Golovin IS, Palacheva VV, Bazlov AI, Cirfe J, Pons J. Structure and anelasticity of Fe3Ga and Fe3(Ga, Al) type alloys. J Alloys Compd. 2015;644:959.
Golovin IS, Palacheva VV, Zadorozhnyy VY, Zhu J, Jiang H, Cirfe J, Lograsso TA. Influence of composition and heat treatment on damping and magnetostrictive properties of Fe-18%(Ga + Al) alloys. Acta Mater. 2014;78:93.
Emdadi A, Cifre J. Dementeva OY, Golovin IS. Effect of heat treatment on ordering and functional properties of the Fe–19 Ga alloy. J Alloys Compd. 2015;619:58.
Emdadi AA, HosseinNedjad S, BadriGhavifekr H. Effect of solidification texture on the magnetostrictive behavior of galfenol. Metall Mater Trans A. 2014;45(2):906.
Liao L, Fang M, Zhu J, Li J, Wang J. Influence of Al on the magnetostriction of Fe–Ga polycrystal alloys under compressive stress. Int J Miner Metall Mater. 2014;21(1):1.
Li C, Liu J, Jiang C. Effect of the growth velocity on microstructure, orientation, and magnetostriction in Fe81Ga19 alloy. Metall Mater Trans A. 2012;43(12):4514.
Cullity BD. Elements of X-ray Diffraction. 2nd ed. Boston: Addison Wesley Publishing Inc; 1978. 350.
Ikeda O, Kainuma R, Ohnuma I, Fukamichi K, Ishida K. Phase equilibria and stability of ordered bcc phases in the Fe-rich portion of the Fe–Ga system. J Alloys Compd. 2002;347(1–2):198.
Lograsso TA, Summers EM. Detection and quantification of D03 chemical order in Fe–Ga alloys using high resolution X-ray diffraction. Mater Sci Eng, A. 2006;416(1):240.
Boisse J, Zapolsky H, Khachaturyan AG. Atomic-scale modeling of nanostructure formation in Fe–Ga alloys with giant magnetostriction: cascade ordering and decomposition. Acta Mater. 2011;59(7):2656.
O’Handley RC. Modern Magnetic Materials. 1st ed. New York: Wiley; 2000. 218.
Hubert A, Schafer R. Magnetic Domains: the Analysis of Magnetic Microstructures. 3rd ed. Berlin: Springer; 2000. 5.
Golovin IS, Belamri Z, Hamana D. Internal friction, dilatometric and calorimetric study of anelasticity in Fe–13 at.% Ga and Fe–8 at.% Al–3 at.% Ga alloys. J Alloys Compd. 2011;509(32):8165.
Boufenghour M, Hayoune A, Hamana D. Study of the ordered structures in Fe–Al alloys using dilatometric and calorimetric analysis. J Mater Sci. 2004;39(4):1207.
Zhang JX, Chen LQ. Phase-field microelasticity theory and micromagnetic simulations of domain structures in giant magnetostrictive materials. Acta Mater. 2005;53(9):2845.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Emdadi, A., Hossein Nedjad, S., Badri Ghavifekr, H. et al. Microstructural dependence of magnetic and magnetostrictive properties in Fe–19 at% Ga. Rare Met. 39, 413–420 (2020). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-016-0800-x
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-016-0800-x