Abstract
To synthesize nanocrystalline Ni3S2 cathode material for Na/Ni3S2 cell with low cost nickel and sulfur elements, mechanical alloying (MA) was employed directly and with different ball powder ratios (BPRs) of 20: 1, 25: 1 and 30: 1, the mean particle size of 3.99, 2.84 and 2.75 μm can be obtained, respectively. In order to ulteriorly reduce the particle size to improve the contact areas between the active materials, the wet ball milling with the normal Hexane (C6H14) as the milling solvent was also conducted for 30 h using the ball milling machine, and the submicro Ni3S2 powder particles can be gained. The charge/discharge properties of Na/Ni3S2 cells for wet milled system were investigated at room temperature using 1 M NaCF3SO3 (sodium trifluoromethanesulfonate) dissolved in TEGDME (tetra ethylene glycol dimethyl ether) as the liquid electrolyte. And the initial charge/discharge capacity was 397 and 425 mAh/g, respectively, which indicates the small particle size of cathode materials are conductive to the discharge properties.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
Guo B.K., Xu W., Wang X.Y., and Xiao L.X., Lithium-Ion Battery, Central South University Press, 2002.
Olivas A., Villalpando I., Sepúlveda S., Pérez O., and Fuentes S., Synthesis and magnetic characterization of nanostructures N/WS2, where N = Ni, Co and Fe, Mater. Lett., 2007, 61(21): 4336.
Ennaoui A., Fiechter S., Jaegermann W., and Tributsch H., Photoelectrochemistty of highly quantum efficient single-crystalline FeS2(pyrite), J. Electrochem. Soc., 1986, 133(1): 97.
Hilton M.R., Bauer R., Didziulis S.V., Dugger M.T., Keem J.M., and Scholhamer J., Structural and tribological studies of MoS2 solid lubricant films having tailored metal-multilayer nanostructures, Surf. Coat. Technol., 1992, 53(1): 13.
Scharf T.W., Prasad S.V., Dugger M.T., Kotula P.G., Goeke R.S., and Grubbs R.K., Growth, structure, and tribological behavior of atomic layer-deposited tungsten disulphide solid lubricant coatings with applications to MEMS, Acta Mater., 2006, 54(18): 4731.
Skrabalak S.E., and Suslick K.S., Porous MoS2 synthesized by ultrasonic spray pyrolysis, J. Am. Chem. Soc, 2005, 127(28): 9990.
Göbölös S., Wu Q., Delanney F., Grange P., Delmon B., and Ladrière J., The reactivity and stability of mixed-sulfide structures in unsupported MoS2-based hydrodesulfurization catalysts promoted by group VIII metals, Polyhedron, 1986, 5(1–2): 219.
Iwataa Y., Sato K., Yoneda T., Miki Y., Sugimoto Y., Nishijima A., and Shimada H., Catalytic functionality of unsupported molybdenum sulfide catalysts prepared with different methods, Catal. Today, 1998, 45(1–4): 353.
Han S.C., Kim H.S., Song M.S. Lee P.S., Lee J.Y., and Ahn H.J., Electrochemical properties of NiS as a cathode material for rechargeable lithium batteries prepared by mechanical alloying, J. Alloys and Compd, 2003, 349(1–2): 290.
Ennaoui A., and Tributsch H., Iron disulfide solar cells, J. Sol. Cell, 1984, 13(2): 197.
Zhu P.W., Qiu W.F., Liu Y.Q., Ye C., Fang G.Y., and Song Y.L., Optical limiting properties of phthalocyanine-fullerene derivatives, Appl. Phys. Lett., 2001, 78(10): 1319.
Chen X.H., and Fan R., Low-temperature hydrothermal synthesis of transition metal dichalcogenides, Chem. Mater., 2001, 13(3): 802.
Qian X.F., Li Y.D., Yi X., and Qian Y.T., The synthesis and morphological control of nanocrystalline pyrite nickel disulfide and cobalt disulfide, Mater. Chem. Phys., 2000, 66(1): 97.
Panigrahi J.C., and Panda R.K., Transition-metal chalcogenide materials. Quick and convenient methods of synthesis of crystalline nickel (II) disulfide, Mater. Lett., 1991, 12(1–2): 112.
Bonneau P.R., Shibao P.K., and Kaner P.B., Low-temperature precursor synthesis of crystalline nickel disulfide, Inorg. Chem., 1990, 29(13): 2511.
An G.J., Liu C.G., Hou Y.D., Zhang X.L., and Liu Y.Q., Transition metal dichalcogenide materials: Solid-state reaction synthesis of nanocrystalline nickel disulfide, Mater. Lett., 2008, 62(17–18): 2643.
Disma F., Aymard L., Dupont L., and Tarascon J.M., Effect of mechanical grinding on the lithium intercalation process in graphites and soft carbons, J. Electrochem. Soc., 1996, 143(12): 3959.
Koch C.C., Materials Science and Technology-A comprehensive Treatment, Processing of Metals and Alloys, Weinheim, Germany: VCH, 15: 193.
Suryanarayana C., Bibliography on Mechanical Alloying and Milling. Cambridge International Science Publishing, Cambridge, UK, 1995.
Suryanarayana C., Recent advances in the synthesis of alloy phases by mechanical alloying/milling, Metals Mater, 1996, 2: 195.
Lu L., and Lai M.O., Mechanical Alloying, Boston, MA: Kluwer, 1998.
Murty B.S., and Ranganathan S., Novel materials synthesis by mechanical alloying/milling, Int. Mater. Rev., 1998, 43: 101.
Kim J.S., Ahn H.J., Pyu H.S., kim D.J., Cho G.B., Kim K.W., Nam T.H., and Ahn J.H., The discharge properties of Na/Ni3S2 cell at ambient temperature, J. Power Sources, 2008, 178(2): 852.
Strauss E., Golodnitsky D., and Peled E., Study of phase changes during 500 full cycles ofLi/composite polymer electrolyte/FeS2 battery, Electrochim. Acta, 2000, 45(8–9): 1519.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Rights and permissions
About this article
Cite this article
Liu, X., Kang, S., Kim, J. et al. A study of Ni3S2 synthesized by mechanical alloying for Na/Ni3S2 cell. Rare Metals 30 (Suppl 1), 5–10 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-011-0227-3
Received:
Revised:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12598-011-0227-3