Abstract
A novel secure optical communication system is investigated in this experimental work. The scheme is based on dynamical chaotic encryption, i.e., optical chaos is generated using hybrid feedback (HF) technique. Accordingly, both transmitting and receiving units included a pair of lasers, such that a master–slave regime was implemented in both of those two units. Optical injection (OI), optical feedback (OFB), and optoelectronic feedback (OEFB) all interacted to increase the security level. The key measured parameter is the correlation coefficient (CC) between the signals emitted from the first unit and the second one. The CC is optimized from 0.24 to 0.80 by decreasing the mismatch parameters during observations of time series and frequency spectra. Detuning, frequency modulation, and feedback strength (optical and radio frequency types) all changed in order to increase CC and optimize the resulting synchronization. The master laser (ML) plays the role of driver laser, while all three remaining lasers are considered slaves. In this scheme, a laser network is simulated experimentally to build a laser neural network as an application.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. M. Hasan, Performance Analysis of Semiconductor Laser- Based Chaotic Optical Communication Systems, Baghdad: Ph.D. dissertation, Univ. Technol-Iraq, (2010)
S. Ebisawa, S. Komatsu, Orbital instability of chaotic laser diode with optical injection and electronically applied chaotic signal. Photonics 7(2), 25 (2020). https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7020025
G.H.M.V. Tartwijk, G.P. Agrawal, Laser instabilities: a modern perspective. Prog. Quantum Electron. 22(2), 43–122 (1998)
G. Baimensina, "Computational Simulation of Semiconductor Laser with Optical Injection," in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 574, 3rd International Conference on Mathematical Modeling in Physical Sciences (IC-MSQUARE 2014) 28–31 August 2014, Madrid, Spain, (2014)
J. Ruan, S.-C. Chan, Chaotic dimension enhancement by optical injection into a semiconductor laser under feedback. Opt. Lett. 47(4), 858–861 (2022)
T.B. Simpson, J.M. Liu, K. Tai, Nonlinear dynamics induced by external optical injection in semiconductor lasers. Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 9, 765–784 (1997)
J. Paul, M.W. Lee, K.A. Shore, 3.5-GHz Signal Transmission in an All-Optical Chaotic Communication Scheme Using 1550-nm Diode Lasers. IEEE Photon. Lett. 17(4), 920–922 (2005)
T. Malica, G. Bouchez, D. Wolfersberger, M. Sciamanna, High-frequency chaotic bursts in laser diode with optical-feedback. Commun. Phys. 5, 287 (2022)
I. F. Rogister, Nonlinear Dynamics of Semiconductor Lasers Subject to Optical Feedback, Mons, Belgium: Ph.D. Dissertation - University of Mons, (2001)
A. Argyris, D. Syvridis, L. Larger, V. Annovazzi-Lodi, P. Colet, I. Fischer, J. García-Ojalvo, C.R. Mirasso, L. Pesquera, K.A. Shore, Chaos-based communications at high bit rates using commercial fibre-optic links. Nature 438, 343–346 (2005)
P.P. Yupapin, P. Chunpang, A quantum-chaotic encoding system using an erbium-doped fiber amplifier in a fiber ring resonator. Optik 120(18), 976–979 (2009)
K. Kikuchi, T. Okoshi, Measurement of FM noise, AM noise, and field spectra of 1.3 µm InGaAsP DFB lasers and determination of the linewidth enhancement factor. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 21(11), 1814–1818 (1985)
S.E. Harris, R. Targ, FM oscillation of the He-Ne laser. Appl. Phys. Lett. 5, 202–204 (1964)
O. Lidoyne, P.B. Gallion, D. Erasme, Modulation properties of an injection-locked semiconductor laser. IEEE J. Quantum Electron. 27(3), 344–351 (1991)
A. A. Hemed, R. S. Abbas, Experimental diagnose for spikes width relation with positive optoelectronic feedback attenuation in a quantum well laser diode, in 2nd International Conference of Mathematics, Applied Sciences, Information and Communication Technology, Baghdad, Iraq, (2023)
G.V. Tartwij, G.P. Agrawal, Laser instabilities: A modern perspective. Prog. Quantum Electron. 22(2), 43–122 (1998)
G. H. M. V. Tartwijk, D. Lenstra, Semiconductor lasers with optical injection and feedback. Quantum Semiclass. Opt. 7(2), (1995)
J. Ohtsubo, Semiconductor Lasers Stability, Instability and Chaos, Springer-Verlag (Springer Series in Optical Sciences, Berlin, 2013)
N. Gross, W. Kinzel, I. Kanter, M. Rosenbluh, L. Khaykovich, Synchronization of mutually versus unidirectionally coupled chaotic semiconductor lasers. Opt. Commun. 267(2), 464–468 (2006)
A. Pikovsky, M. Rosenblum, J. Kurths, Synchronization A Universal Concept in Nonlinear Sciences, Cambridge University Press, (2003)
S. Sivaprakasam, I. Pierce, P. Rees, P.S. Spencer, K.A. Shore, A. Valle, Inverse synchronization in semiconductor laser diodes. Phys. Rev. A 64(1), 013805 (2001)
L.M. Pecora, T.L. Carroll, G.A. Johnson, D.J. Mar, J.F. Heagy, Fundamentals of synchronization in chaotic systems, concepts, and applications. Chaos 4, 520–543 (1997)
A. A. Hemed, R. S. Abbas, Enhanced emission perturbations associated with mixed optical injection in laser diode, in AIP Conf. Proc. 2290, 050021 (2020), Karbala, Iraq, (2020)
R. S. Abbas, A. A. Hemed, Map of Mode Hopping Associated with Modulated Laser Diode Under Feedback and Injection, in Journal of Physics: Conference Series, Volume 1818, Iraqi Academics Syndicate International Conference for Pure and Applied Sciences (IICPS), 5–6 December 2020, Babylon, Iraq, (2021)
R. Iwami, K. Kanno, A. Uchida, Chaotic mode-competition dynamics in a multimode semiconductor laser with optical feedback and injection. Opt. Express 31(7), 11274–11291 (2023)
R. S. Abbas, A. A. Hemed, Hyper chaos and anti-synchronization by dual laser diode, in ICPAS2021, AIP Conf. Proc. 2593, 020004 , Diyala, Iraq, (2023)
D.R. Madhloom, A.A. Hemed, S.M. Khorsheed, Experimental simulation for two optically filtered modulation weights in laser diode as a self-learning layer. East Eur. J. Phys. 2, 267–276 (2023)
Z. R. Ghayib, A. A. Hemed, Smart control for the chaotic dynamics using two regions uniform fiber Bragg grating, Optoelectronics and Advanced Materials - Rapid Communications. 16, 307–318, 7–8, (2022)
A. A. Hemed, Z. R. Gaiab, Chaotic Dynamics for VCSEL Subjected to Time Delayed and Filtered Injection Using FBG Array Sensor, in 2022 International Conference on Computer Science and Software Engineering (CSASE), Duhok, Iraq, (2022)
S. Ebisawa, S. Komatsu, Orbital instability of chaotic laser diode with optical injection and electronically applied chaotic signal. Photonics 7(2), 25 (2020)
D. A. Mazhar, S. Z. Ali, M. K. Islam, Control of optical chaos spectrum in semiconductor laser for secure RoF communication. Opt. Appl. 52(4), (2022)
N. Saeed, A.S.K. Tsafack, H.M. Boudoue, S.T. Kingni, Chaos synchronization in chaotic current modulated VCSELs by bidirectional coupling. Chaos Theory Appl. 3(1), 29–33 (2021)
A. A. Hemed, R. S. Abbas, Optimization for chaotic synchronization in a laser diode network by hybrid feedback and unidirectional injection. Optoelectron. Adv. Mater. Rapid Commun. 18(3–4), 120–133 (2024)
Acknowledgements
The authors would like to thank Dr. Hani J. Kbashi from the Aston Institute of Photonic Technologies, Aston University, UK, for his discussions during the research. Also, the authors would like to thank Mustansiriyah University (www.uomustansiriyah.edu.iq) in Baghdad, Iraq, for their support in the present work.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Abbas, R.S., Ghayib, Z.R., Jabbar, W.A. et al. Optimization for full optical chaotic synchronization by hybrid feedback and injection. J Opt (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-01858-2
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-024-01858-2