Abstract
All-optical quantum logic gates with qubit data are the essential components in optical signal processing and computing. Quantum optical Toffoli gate is one of the most useful logic gates in the logic family which is extensively used to perform ultrafast optical digital operations. Here, in this paper, an all-optical scheme for realization of frequency encoded tristate Toffoli gate is proposed. Semiconductor optical amplifier based optical switches like frequency converters and add/drop multiplexers are used to implement the system. Also, a proper truth table and gate matrix of tristate Toffoli gate is developed. Tristate based optical logic operations not only increase the data handling capacity, it also increases the speed of different optical logic operations because of inherent parallelism of light. As frequency encoding principle is used to encode the qubits, so bit error problem can be ignored by the proposed system. The system is entirely all-optical in nature, so the system exhibits very high speed of operation (above tera hertz) with improved signal to noise ratio.
Similar content being viewed by others
References
S. Dutta, S. Mukhopadhyay, A new approach of parallel data transmission through optical waveguide with SOA based frequency encoding/decoding technique. Optik 123(3), 212–216 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2011.02.028
S. Mukhopadhyay, Role of optics in super-fast information processing. Indian J. Phys. 84, 1069–1074 (2010). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12648-010-0101-4
M. Mandal, P. De, S. Lakshan, M.N. Sarfaraj, S. Hazra, A. Dey, S. Mukhopadhyay, A review of electro-optic, semiconductor optical amplifier and photonic crystal-based optical switches for application in quantum computing. J. Opt. (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-022-01045-1
S. Slussarenko, G.J. Pryde, Photonic quantum information processing: a concise review. Appl. Phys. Rev. 6(4), 041303 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1063/1.5115814
S. Srivastava, U. Chaurasiya, P. Tiwari, A. Misal, K.K. Upadhyay, All-optical frequency-encoded Toffoli gate. J. Opt. Commun. (2021). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2021-0217
S. Dutta, S. Mukhopadhyay, Alternating approach of implementing frequency encoded all-optical logic gates and flip-flop using semiconductor optical amplifier. Optik 122(12), 1088–1094 (2011). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2010.06.046
S. Dey, S. Mukhopadhyay, A new approach of implementing phase encoded quantum SRN gate. Electron. Lett. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1049/el.2017.2500
S. Dey, S. Mukhopadhyay, All-optical integrated square root of Pauli-Z (SRZ) gates using polarization and phase encoding. J. Opt. (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-019-00568-4
S. Dey, S. Mukhopadhyay, Implementation of all-optical Pauli-Y gate by the integrated phase and polarization encoding. IET Optoelectron. 12(4), 176–179 (2018). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2017.0138
S. Dey, P. De, S. Mukhopadhyay, An all-optical implementation of Fredkin gate using kerr effect. Optoelectron. Lett. 15(4), 317–320 (2019). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-019-8170-x
P. De, S. Ranwa, S. Mukhopadhyay, Implementation of all-optical Toffoli gate by 2D Si-air photonic crystal. IET Opotelectron. 15, 139–148 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1049/ote2.12029
B. Sarkar, S. Mukhopadhyay, An all-optical scheme for implementing an integrated Pauli’s X, Y and Z quantum gates with optical switches. J. Opt. 46(2), 143–148 (2017). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-017-0398-x
D. Samanta, S. Mukhopadhyay, All-optical method of developing parity generator and checker with polarization encoded light signal. J. Opt. 41, 167–172 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-012-0080-2
D. Samanta, Implementation of polarization-encoded quantum Toffoli gate. J. Opt. (2018). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-018-0496-4
M. Connelly, Semiconductor optical amplifiers (Springer, New York, 2002). https://doi.org/10.1016/B0-12-369395-0/00662-X
S. Saha, S. Biswas, S. Mukhopadhyay, An alternative approach for binary to decimal conversion of frequency encoded optical data using MZI-SOA switch. J. Opt. 51, 357–370 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-021-00786-9
N.K. Dutta, Q. Wang, G. Zhu, J. Jaques, A.B. Piccirilii, J. Leuthold, Semiconductor optical amplifiers-functional applications. J. Opt. 33(4), 197–219 (2004). https://doi.org/10.1007/BF03354765
A.J. Poustie, K.J. Blow, Demonstration of an all-optical Fredkin gate. Opt. Commun. 174(1–4), 317–320 (2000). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0030-4018(99)00722-1
N. Ghazali, M. Wahid, N.A. Hambali, N. Juhari, M. Shahimin, Characterization of all-optical Feynman and Fredkin gates utilizing optimized SOANOLM. AIP Conf. Proc. 2045, 020079 (2018)
S.K. Garai, Novel method of designing all optical frequency-encoded Fredkin and Toffoli logic gates using semiconductor optical amplifiers. IET Optoelectron. 5(6), 247–254 (2012). https://doi.org/10.1049/iet-opt.2010.0077
D.K. Tripathi, Investigations with reversible Feynman gate and irreversible logic schematics. J. Opt. Commun. (2017). https://doi.org/10.1515/joc-2017-0106
V. Arun, A.K. Singh, N.K. Shukla, D.K. Tripathi, Design and performance analysis of SOA–MZI based reversible toffoli and irreversible AND logic gates in a single photonic circuit. Opt. Quantum Electron. 48, 445 (2016). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11082-016-0711-y
S. Hazra, S. Mukhopadhyay, Implementation of quantum optical tristate CNOT gate using frequency encoding principle with a semiconductor optical amplifier. Optoelectron. Lett. 19, 269–273 (2023). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-023-2195-x
M.N. Sarfaraj, S. Mukhopadhyay, All-optical scheme for implementation of tri-state Pauli-X, Y and Z quantum gates using phase encoding. Optoelectron. Lett. 17, 746–750 (2021). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11801-021-1037-y
Acknowledgements
The authors acknowledge the financial support from the INSPIRE Fellowship scheme of Department of Science and Technology, Government of India, for extending a research fellowship to Snigdha Hazra.
Author information
Authors and Affiliations
Corresponding author
Additional information
Publisher's Note
Springer Nature remains neutral with regard to jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations.
Rights and permissions
Springer Nature or its licensor (e.g. a society or other partner) holds exclusive rights to this article under a publishing agreement with the author(s) or other rightsholder(s); author self-archiving of the accepted manuscript version of this article is solely governed by the terms of such publishing agreement and applicable law.
About this article
Cite this article
Hazra, S., Mukhopadhyay, S. Quantum optical tristate Toffoli gate using frequency encoding principle of light with semiconductor optical amplifier. J Opt 53, 940–948 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01330-7
Received:
Accepted:
Published:
Issue Date:
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s12596-023-01330-7