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Petrography and Geochemistry of Sandstones of Eocene Kopili Formation, Shillong Plateau: Implications on Paleo-weathering, Provenance and Tectonic Setting

  • Original Article
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Journal of the Geological Society of India

Abstract

Geochemical and mineralogical studies were carried out on the sandstones of the Eocene Kopili Formation, Shillong Plateau to evaluate paleo-weathering, provenance and tectonic setting. The study area is located on the bank of the Lubha River along the Badarpur-Jowai road section. The Kopili Formation is represented by a sequence of alternation of shales and sandstones. The sandstone beds are usually thin, fine grained, ferruginous and mostly parallel laminated. The thickness of the sandstone beds increases towards the top with decreasing numbers of shale beds. Petrographically the sandstones are dominated by monocrystalline and polycrystalline quartz followed by feldspar, mica and rock fragments. The matrix content does not exceed 15% and hence the sandstones can be classified as arenite. The Kopili sandstones are classified as quartz arenite to sublitharenite, and arkose to sublitharenite based on their petrographic and geochemical parameters respectively. Arenitic composition and high SiO2/Al2O3 ratio indicate that the Kopili sandstones are highly mature. The weathering indices mostly indicate low to moderate (except 49D sample) degree of chemical weathering under arid to semi humid climatic conditions. The major and trace element-based diagrams and their ratios indicate that the Kopili sandstone received sediments from felsic dominated source with minor contribution from basic source rocks and are deposited in tectonically passive margin setting.

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Acknowledgement

The authors are thankful to the CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad for extending laboratory facilities for geochemical analyses. The authors are also grateful to the Department of Science and Technology, Govt. of India for enhancing laboratory facilities in the Department of Geological Sciences, Gauhati University through the FIST-2016 grant that offered immense help in petrographical analysis of the samples.

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  1. Department of Geological Sciences, Gauhati University, Guwahati, 781 014, India

    Poly Sonowal, Mousumi Gogoi & Sarat Phukan

  2. Geochemistry Division, CSIR-National Geophysical Research Institute, Hyderabad, 500 007, India

    Tavheed Khan

  3. Centre of Excellence for Energy Studies, Oil India Ltd., Guwahati, 781 022, India

    T. Satish Kumar

  4. Department of Geology, Nagaland University, Kohima, 797 004, India

    Temsulemba Walling

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Sonowal, P., Khan, T., Gogoi, M. et al. Petrography and Geochemistry of Sandstones of Eocene Kopili Formation, Shillong Plateau: Implications on Paleo-weathering, Provenance and Tectonic Setting. J Geol Soc India 98, 219–231 (2022). https://doi.org/10.1007/s12594-022-1962-9

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